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Cited by 39Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutStress and Burnout ResearchMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

Incorporating Virtual Reality to Improve Otolaryngology Resident Wellness: One Institution's Experience

Weitzman, Rachel E., Wong, Kevin, Worrall, Douglas M., Park, Christopher, McKee, Sean, Tufts, Ryan E., Teng, Marita S., Iloreta, Alfred M.·2021·The Laryngoscope
DOI 10.1002/lary.29529
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Abstract

Objective: Burnout is defined as work‐related emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased sense of accomplishment. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an effective treatment modality for various conditions related to anxiety, however, few studies have assessed its role for stress management in residents. We hypothesize that VR‐based mindfulness meditation can reduce resident burnout in real‐world settings. Study Design: Prospective randomized crossover trial. Methods: Resident participants completed the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). One group used a VR‐based meditation app; the second group received no intervention. After a 2‐month rotation, all subjects completed an MBI and crossed over to the other arm. Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests were used to compare MBI scores before and after intervention, and to compare results by gender and postgraduate year. Mann‐Whitney U tests were used to assess qualitative differences between participants. Results: Eighteen residents completed the study. Five participants were female and 13 were male. Weekly use of VR‐guided meditation and paced breathing was associated with a significant decrease in emotional exhaustion (P = .009), and on subgroup analysis, male gender specifically was associated with a decrease in emotional exhaustion (P = .027). In the post‐intervention survey, 42.9% subjects reported that VR encouraged them to employ paced breathing techniques, 71.4% reported that they would use the technology if regularly available, and 21.4% reported they would use paced breathing in the future. Conclusion: VR‐based therapy may serve as a successful tool in stress management and reduce the rate of burnout among otolaryngology residents. Level of Evidence: NA Laryngoscope, 131:1972–1976, 2021

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  • In the meditation intervention subgroup, personal accomplishment (PA) was significantly improved: Cohen's d SMD 0.22 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).

    “In the subgroup of meditation intervention studies [50–58], the Cohen’s d SMD was found to be non-statistically significant in EE (-0.30, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%) and DP (-0.10, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%), but statistically significant in PA (0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [58]

  • In the meditation intervention subgroup, depersonalization (DP) was not significantly reduced: Cohen's d SMD -0.10 (95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%).

    “In the subgroup of meditation intervention studies [50–58], the Cohen’s d SMD was found to be non-statistically significant in EE (-0.30, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%) and DP (-0.10, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%), but statistically significant in PA (0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [58]

  • In the meditation intervention subgroup, emotional exhaustion (EE) was not significantly reduced: Cohen's d SMD -0.30 (95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%).

    “In the subgroup of meditation intervention studies [50–58], the Cohen’s d SMD was found to be non-statistically significant in EE (-0.30, 95% CI -0.61 to 0.02, p = 0.25, I2 = 63.1%) and DP (-0.10, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.07, p = 0.25, I2 = 0%), but statistically significant in PA (0.22, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.40, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%).”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [58]

  • Outcome measurements were conducted using various versions of the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI): 26 studies used the 22-item MBI, 5 used the 9-item MBI, 1 used the 20-item Dutch version, and 1 used the 16-item MBI.

    “Outcome measurements were conducted using various versions of the validated MBI. Specifically, 26 studies (78.7%) used the 22-item MBI [44, 45, 47–49, 51, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60–65, 67, 68, 70–76], 5 studies (15.2%) employed the 9-item MBI [50, 53, 55, 59, 69], 1 study (3.0%) used the 20-item Dutch version of the MBI [57], and 1 study (3.0%) utilized the 16-item MBI [66].”

    From Individual and organizational interventions to reduce burnout in resident physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [58]

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Authors
Weitzman, R. E., Wong, K., Worrall, D. M., Park, C., McKee, S., Tufts, R. E., Teng, M. S., & Iloreta, A. M.
Affiliations
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
Corresponding author
Wong, Kevin
ORCID
Venue
The Laryngoscope
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-03-25
Volume
131
Issue
9
Pages
1972-1976
ISSN
  • 0023-852X (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-4995
DOI
10.1002/lary.29529
OpenAlex
W3137764743
Cited by
39
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6
FWCI
5.62
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • The Laryngoscope (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords
virtual reality, burnout, otolaryngology residents, resident well-being, mindfulness meditation, stress management, emotional exhaustion, paced breathing
MeSH terms
Virtual Reality, Adult, Burnout, Professional, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Internship and Residency, Job Satisfaction, Male, Otolaryngology, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cross-Over Studies, Meditation, Mindfulness

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