Dual‐target inhibitors of bromodomain and extra‐terminal proteins in cancer: A review from medicinal chemistry perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4), as the most studied member of the bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) family, is a chromatin reader protein interpreting epigenetic codes through binding to acetylated histones and non‐histone proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular processes including cell cycle, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. As a promising drug target, BRD4 function is closely related to cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and liver fibrosis. Currently, clinical resistance to BET inhibitors has limited their applications but synergistic antitumor effects have been observed when used in combination with other tumor inhibitors targeting additional cellular components such as PLK1, HDAC, CDK, and PARP1. Therefore, designing dual‐target inhibitors of BET bromodomains is a rational strategy in cancer treatment to increase potency and reduce drug resistance. This review summarizes the protein structures and biological functions of BRD4 and discusses recent advances of dual BET inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry perspective. We also discuss the current design and discovery strategies for dual BET inhibitors, providing insight into potential discovery of additional dual‐target BET inhibitors.
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Dual- or multi-target inhibitors act on one or more targets with additive or synergistic effects, aiming to increase efficacy, prolong therapeutic effects, minimize side effects, and lower drug doses.
“These inhibitors act on one or more targets with additive or synergistic effects, aiming to increase efficacy, prolong therapeutic effects, minimize side effects, and lower drug doses.68,69,525”
From Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, clinical trials and new drug development strategies. (2024) · cites this paper as [68]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says multitarget drugs can produce synergistic effects and improve the effectiveness and durability of antitumor effects. The discovery-and-design section likewise describes dual BET inhibitors as a strategy to prolong treatment outcomes. The copy does not establish lower drug doses as an aim, and its discussion of reduced side effects concerns a particular scaffold-modification strategy rather than dual- or multitarget inhibition generally. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Feng, L., Wang, G., Chen, Y., He, G., Liu, B., Liu, J., Chiang, C., & Ouyang, L.
- Affiliations
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liu, Jie
- Chiang, Cheng‐Ming
- Ouyang, Liang
- Venue
- Medicinal Research Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-10-11
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 710-743
- ISSN
- 0198-6325 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1128
- PMC
- PMC8837683
- OpenAlex
- W3206614397
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Medicinal Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803755, 81874290, 81922064, 91853109)
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP180349, RP190077)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Degradation and Inhibitors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Synthesis and biological activity
- Keywords
- BRD4, BET proteins, bromodomain inhibitors, dual inhibitors, epigenetic regulation, histone acetylation, chromatin reader proteins, cancer, drug resistance, combination therapy, PLK1, histone deacetylase, cyclin-dependent kinases, PARP1, inhibitor design
- MeSH terms
- Bromodomain Containing Proteins, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Histones, Humans, Neoplasms, Transcription Factors, Cell Cycle Proteins
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