The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Measurement of the blood‐brain barrier permeability and leakage space using dynamic MR imaging. 1. Fundamental concepts
Abstract
Leakage of Gd‐DTPA through a defective blood‐brain barrier is measured quantitatively using dynamic MRI scanning, in which repeated scans are made after a bolus injection. Image registration artifacts are minimized; a dose of 0.1 m M/kg and an IR sequence enable enhancement to be measured quantitatively. The triexponential enhancement curve is fitted to a theoretical model based on compartmental analysis. The transfer constant, or permeability surface area product per unit volume of tissue (k), and leakage space per unit volume of tissue (y) are measured. Estimates for a quickly enhancing multiple sclerosis lesion are k = 0.050 min−1, v1 = 21%; for a slow one k = 0.013 min−1, v1 = 49%. This implies permeability in the range 4‐17 × 10−6 cm s−1, in broad agreement with other physiological methods. The method is noninvasive and can be used to make serial measurements in patients and in experimental animal models. The time course of pathological aspects of diseases with blood‐brain barrier breakdown, such as multiple sclerosis, tumors, and infections (e.g., HIV) can be studied, along with their response to therapy. The measurements are of physiological variables and are therefore independent of imaging equipment and field. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
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Cites
New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines for research protocols
Poser, C. M., Paty, D. W., Scheinberg, L., McDonald, W. I., Davis, F. A., Ebers, G. C., Johnson, K. P., Sibley, W. A., Silberberg, D. H., & Tourtellotte, W. W. (1983) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410130302 · Cited by 7,384
Characteristics of gadolinium-DTPA complex: a potential NMR contrast agent
Weinmann, H., Brasch, R., Press, W., & Wesbey, G. (1984) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.142.3.619 · Cited by 1,231
The Concept of a Blood-Brain Barrier
(1980) · General Pharmacology: The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(80)90073-7 · Cited by 790
Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences
Boas, M. L., & Romain, J. E. (1967) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3034374 · Cited by 619
SERIAL GADOLINIUM ENHANCED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
MILLER, D. H., RUDGE, P., JOHNSON, G., KENDALL, B. E., MACMANUS, D. G., MOSELEY, I. F., BARNES, D., & MCDONALD, W. I. (1988) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/111.4.927 · Cited by 407
The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Harik, S. I. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.1.173-a · Cited by 387
Multiple sclerosis: gadolinium enhancement in MR imaging.
Grossman, R. I., Gonzalez-Scarano, F., Atlas, S. W., Galetta, S., & Silberberg, D. H. (1986) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.161.3.3786722 · Cited by 289
HAWKINS, C. P., MUNRO, P. M. G., MACKENZIE, F., KESSELRING, J., TOFTS, P. S., BOULAY, E. P. G. H. D., LANDON, D. N., & McDONALD, W. I. (1990) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/113.2.365 · Cited by 219
Self-citationGadolinium-DTPA as a Contrast Agent in MR Imaging—Theoretical Projections and Practical Observations
Gadian, D., Payne, J. A., Bryant, D. J., et al. (1985) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-198503000-00003 · Cited by 156
Becker, J. (1973) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92963-2 · Cited by 154
Cited by
Blood–brain barrier breakdown as a therapeutic target in traumatic brain injury
Shlosberg, D., Benifla, M., Kaufer, D., & Friedman, A. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2010.74 · Cited by 897
Takata, F., Nakagawa, S., Matsumoto, J., & Dohgu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.661838 · Cited by 651
Lacunar stroke is associated with diffuse blood-brain barrier dysfunction
Wardlaw, J. M., Doubal, F., Armitage, P., Chappell, F., Carpenter, T., Muñoz Maniega, S., Farrall, A., Sudlow, C., Dennis, M., & Dhillon, B. (2009) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21549 · Cited by 364
Brown, R. C., Morris, A. P., & O'Neil, R. G. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.083 · Cited by 291
Topakian, R., Barrick, T. R., Howe, F. A., & Markus, H. S. (2010) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2009.172072 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Tofts, P. S., & Kermode, A. G.
- Venue
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1991-02
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 357-367
- ISSN
- 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2594
- OpenAlex
- W2108610949
- Cited by
- 1,456
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 5.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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