Anxiety disorders: a comprehensive review of pharmacotherapies
Abstract
This article reviews the evidence from randomized, placebo‐controlled trials and meta‐analyses of pharmacological treatments of the following anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post–traumatic stress disorder. There is evidence from multiple randomized, placebo‐controlled trials to support the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as first‐line pharmacotherapy in these disorders, and a number of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have received US Food and Drug Administration approval for these indications. Serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are now emerging as first‐line treatments for these anxiety disorders alongside the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and have been US Food and Drug Administration–approved for some of these indications as well. Benzodiazepines are also effective treatments for anxiety disorders, and although this medication class has the advantage of a rapid onset of action, their use is limited by their potential for abuse and lack of antidepressant properties. In addition to reviewing the clinical trials that have investigated the anxiolytic effects of these commonly used medications, we review the evidence for novel uses of other agents, including anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics, in anxiety disorders. Mt Sinai J Med 75:247–262, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
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Current treatments for generalized anxiety disorder often yield suboptimal outcomes, partly because of insufficient targeting of underlying psychological mechanisms such as avoidance reinforcement learning.
“Current treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often yield suboptimal outcomes, partly because of insufficient targeting of underlying psychological mechanisms (eg, avoidance reinforcement learning).”
From Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Hoffman, E. J., & Mathew, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mathew, Sanjay J.
- Venue
- Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 248-262
- ISSN
- 0027-2507 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-7581
- OpenAlex
- W2025952467
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 144
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH069656)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, pharmacotherapy, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, benzodiazepines, antiepileptic drugs, atypical antipsychotics, FDA approval
- MeSH terms
- Anticonvulsants, Anxiety, Benzodiazepines, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Panic Disorder, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
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