Psychoeducation for depression, anxiety and psychological distress: a meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence and burden associated with depression and anxiety disorders and the existence of treatment barriers, there is a clear need for brief, inexpensive and effective interventions such as passive psychoeducational interventions. There are no published meta-analyses of the effectiveness of passive psychoeducation in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety or psychological distress. METHODS: Cochrane, PsycInfo and PubMed databases were searched in September 2008. Additional materials were obtained from reference lists. Papers describing passive psychoeducational interventions for depression, anxiety and psychological distress were included if the research design was a randomized controlled trial and incorporated an attention placebo, no intervention or waitlist comparison group. RESULTS: In total, 9010 abstracts were identified. Of these, five papers which described four research studies targeting passive psychoeducation for depression and psychological distress met the inclusion criteria. The pooled standardized-effect size (four studies, four comparisons) for reduced symptoms of depression and psychological distress at post-intervention was d = 0.20 (95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.40; Z = 2.04; P = 0.04; the number needed to treat: 9). Heterogeneity was not significant among the studies (I2 = 32.77, Q:4.46; P = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Although it is commonly believed that psychoeducation interventions are ineffective, this meta-analysis revealed that brief passive psychoeducational interventions for depression and psychological distress can reduce symptoms. Brief passive psychoeducation interventions are easy to implement, can be applied immediately and are not expensive. They may offer a first-step intervention for those experiencing psychological distress or depression and might serve as an initial intervention in primary care or community models. The findings suggest that the quality of psychoeducation may be important.
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This approach to care is standardized and is well-used by many web-based mental health services.
“This approach to care is standardized and is well-used by many web-based mental health services [35,36].”
From Providing Self-Led Mental Health Support Through an Artificial Intelligence–Powered Chat Bot (Leora) to Meet the Demand of Mental Health Care (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
The Background describes psychoeducation as taking varied forms, including information websites. The Results (Characteristics of included studies) identify one website-based study, but do not establish that the approach is standardized or used by many web-based mental health services. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEvidence-based interventions for anxiety include components of CBT-psychoeducation, relaxation training, cognitive therapy, exposure-alone or in combination, as well as PST, ACT, and mindfulness.
“Evidence-based interventions for anxiety include components of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-psychoeducation (Donker et al., 2009), relaxation training (Manzoni et al., 2008), cognitive therapy (Norton & Price, 2007), exposure (Norton & Price, 2007)-alone or in combination, as well as Problem-Solving Therapy (PST; Zhang et al., 2019), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Swain et a”
From Barriers to and Facilitators of Using Evidence-Based, Cognitive–Behavioral Anxiety Interventions in Integrated Primary Care Practice (2023) · cites this paper as Donker et al., 2009
The Conclusions (page unavailable) suggest passive psychoeducation may be a first-step intervention for people experiencing anxiety, supporting the psychoeducation part of the citation. But the Methods > Definitions explicitly exclude interventions that teach CBT elements, and the Conclusions call for trials to establish whether passive psychoeducation reduces anxiety symptoms. The paper therefore does not establish CBT-psychoeducation as an evidence-based anxiety intervention. The other therapies in the sentence have separate citations and are not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPersonalized risk feedback is one of the most commonly used strategies in acceptance-facilitating interventions for mental disorders.
“One of the most commonly used strategies in AFIs for mental disorders is giving information about relevant symptom clusters in the form of personalized risk feedback (Donker, Griffiths, Cuijpers, & Christensen, 2009; Lewis & Neighbors, 2006; Riper et al., 2009).”
From Increasing intentions to use mental health services among university students. Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial within the World Health Organization's World Mental Health International College Student Initiative (2019) · cites this paper as Donker, Griffiths, Cuijpers, & Christensen, 2009
The Results (Characteristics of included studies; page unavailable) report that two studies used mailed feedback based on participants’ test results, supporting personalized feedback as an intervention component. The paper does not establish that this is one of the most commonly used strategies in acceptance-facilitating interventions, or describe the feedback specifically as information about symptom clusters and risk. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBrief psychoeducational interventions aimed at providing information can be effective in reducing symptoms of psychological distress.
“Meta-analytic evidence indicates that brief psychoeducational interventions aimed at providing information can be effective in reducing symptoms of psychological distress [17].”
Psycho-education has been indicated valuable in reducing symptoms of psychological distress, also when implemented during pregnancy.
“While psycho-education has been indicated valuable in reducing symptoms of psychological distress [17], also when implemented during pregnancy [97]”
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- Authors
- Donker, T., Griffiths, K. M., Cuijpers, P., & Christensen, H.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Donker, Tara
- Venue
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 79-79
- ISSN
- 1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2805686
- OpenAlex
- W2049149958
- Cited by
- 542
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
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- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
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- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- National Health and Medical Research Council (525413, 525411)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- psychoeducation, depression, anxiety, psychological distress, brief intervention, primary care, community mental health, barriers to treatment
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychotherapy, Stress, Psychological, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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