Effectiveness of a Total Meal Replacement Program (OPTIFAST Program) on Weight Loss: Results from the OPTIWIN Study
Open accessAbstract
Objective The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the OPTIFAST program (OP), a total meal replacement dietary intervention, compared with a food‐based (FB) dietary plan for weight loss. Methods Participants with BMI 30 to 55 kg/m2, age 18 to 70 years old, were randomized to OP or FB dietary and lifestyle interventions for 26 weeks, followed by a weight‐maintenance phase. Outcomes were percent change in body weight (%WL) from baseline to weeks 26 and 52, associated changes in body composition (using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry), and adverse events. Primary analysis used repeated‐measures multivariable linear mixed models to compare outcomes between groups in a modified intention‐to‐treat fashion (mITT). Results A total of 273 participants (83% of randomized; 135 OP, 138 FB) made up the mITT population. Mean age was 47.1 ± 11.2 years; 82% were female and 71% non‐Hispanic white. Baseline BMI was 38.8 ± 5.9 kg/m2. At 26 weeks, OP %WL was 12.4% ± 0.6% versus 6.0% ± 0.6% in FB (P < 0.001). At 52 weeks, OP %WL was 10.5% ± 0.6% versus 5.5% ± 0.6% in FB (P < 0.001). Fat mass loss was greater for OP; lean mass loss was proportional to total weight loss. There was no difference in serious adverse event rates between groups. Conclusions Compared with an FB approach, OP was more effective with greater sustained weight loss.
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Loss of lean body mass with GLP1-RAs is proportionate to total weight loss and corresponds to similar changes seen after substantial weight loss following total dietary replacement programs and bariatric surgery.
“However, this loss was proportionate to total weight loss and corresponds to similar changes seen following substantial weight loss after total dietary replacement (TDR) programs and bariatric surgery.”
From The societal implications of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [24]
The Results (‘Changes in body composition’; page not provided) report that lean mass accounted for 23% of weight loss in the OPTIFAST total meal replacement group, supporting the dietary-replacement part of the comparison. The paper does not compare those changes with lean-mass loss from GLP-1 receptor agonists or bariatric surgery. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNutritional interventions have been shown to support the preservation of lean muscle mass, as a proportion of total weight, during weight loss.
“Nutritional interventions have been shown to support the preservation of lean muscle mass, as a proportion of total weight, during weight loss [117]”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [117]
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- Authors
- Ard, J. D., Lewis, K. H., Rothberg, A., Auriemma, A., Coburn, S. L., Cohen, S. S., Loper, J., Matarese, L., Pories, W. J., & Periman, S.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Alexian Brothers Health System (US)
- Alaska Premier Health Anchorage Alaska USA
- EpidStat Institute Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- The Central Ohio Nutrition Center, Inc. Gahanna Ohio USA
- East Carolina University (US)
- Nestlé Health Science (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ard, Jamy D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-11-13
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 22-29
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC6587830
- OpenAlex
- W2901884969
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- The Scholarship East Carolina University's Institutional Repository (East Carolina University) (submittedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nestlé Health Science
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- OPTIFAST, weight loss, dietary intervention, body composition, fat loss, lean body mass, weight maintenance, adverse events
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Parenteral Nutrition, Total, Weight Loss, Young Adult
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