A Protocol to Deliver Intensive Behavioral Therapy (IBT) for Obesity in Primary Care Settings: The MODEL‐IBT Program
Open accessAbstract
Objective: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) initiated coverage of intensive behavioral therapy (IBT) for obesity in 2011, providing beneficiaries 14 to 15 brief, individual counseling visits in 6 months. CMS offered general recommendations for delivering IBT but did not provide an evidence‐based treatment protocol, which was the objective of the present research. Methods: This review describes the evidence that CMS considered in developing its IBT benefit. It also examines weight losses produced by the intensive lifestyle intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), as well an adapted version of the DPP delivered (for the first 6 months) on the visit schedule recommended by CMS. This new protocol, which was evaluated in a recent randomized trial, provided 14 visits in the first 24 weeks, with 7 additional monthly visits through week 52. Results: As reported previously, the 50 participants with obesity assigned to the new IBT protocol lost a mean of 5.4% of their initial weight at week 24; 46% of participants lost ≥ 5% of their baseline weight. At 1 year, the mean loss was 6.1%, and 44% of participants lost ≥ 5%. Conclusions: With these generally favorable results, the IBT protocol is being posted online for practitioners and researchers to use.
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In the MODEL-IBT study, liraglutide combined with intensive behavioral therapy produced close to 12% weight loss.
“in the MODEL-IBT study, in which liraglutide combined with intensive behavioral therapy produced close to 12% weight loss [51]”
From Lifestyle Medicine for Obesity in the Era of Highly Effective Anti-Obesity Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
There is some evidence for improvement in outcome for GLP-1 RAs when combined with lifestyle change.
“There is some evidence for improvement in outcome for GLP-1 RAs when combined with lifestyle change, such as in the MODEL-IBT study”
From Lifestyle Medicine for Obesity in the Era of Highly Effective Anti-Obesity Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
An intensive behavioral therapy protocol developed for primary care has demonstrated effective weight loss.
“An IBT protocol developed for primary care has demonstrated effective weight loss and may be a great guide to use with eligible patients [51].”
From Lifestyle Medicine for Obesity in the Era of Highly Effective Anti-Obesity Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [51]
Intensive behavioral therapy can only be billed by primary care physicians.
“Intensive behavioral therapy can only be billed by primary care physicians [101,102].”
Intensive behavioral therapy provides a potential option for reimbursement of services by dietitians and other health care professionals; this service can only be billed by a primary care practitioner but can be provided by a qualified health professional incident to the physician.
“Intensive behavioral therapy provides a potential option for reimbursement of services by dietitians and other health care professionals; this service can only be billed by a primary care practitioner but can be provided by a qualified health professional incident to the physician [101,102].”
Regular self-monitoring facilitates increased physical activity.
“Regular self-monitoring also facilitates increased physical activity [8–12].”
From The Role of Lifestyle Modification with Second-Generation Anti-obesity Medications: Comparisons, Questions, and Clinical Opportunities (2023) · cites this paper as [12]
Intensive behavioral therapy can be billed only by primary care providers.
“Intensive behavioral therapy can be billed only by primary care providers [109,110].”
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- Authors
- Wadden, T. A., Tsai, A. G., & Tronieri, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wadden, Thomas A.
- Venue
- Obesity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-09-23
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1562-1566
- ISSN
- 1930-7381 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-739X
- PMC
- PMC6786257
- OpenAlex
- W2975483366
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 6.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania (3, 0)
- National Institutes of Health (2002;346, 393-403;, 2011;365, 1969-1979)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Keywords
- primary care, treatment protocols, Diabetes Prevention Program, lifestyle intervention, weight loss
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Humans, Life Style, Obesity, Primary Health Care, Weight Loss
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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