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Cited by 29Seaweed-derived Bioactive CompoundsPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesMarine and coastal plant biology

Advancing quantification methods for polyphenols in brown seaweeds—applying a selective qNMR method compared with the TPC assay

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Wekre, Marie Emilie, Hellesen Brunvoll, Sondre, Jordheim, Monica·2022·Phytochemical Analysis
DOI 10.1002/pca.3162PMC PMC9796469
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Abstract

Introduction: Brown seaweeds are a sustainable biomass with a potential for various industrial applications. Polyphenols are an important contributor to this potential. Objective: The aim was total quantification of polyphenols in brown seaweeds from different tidal zones, using a selective 1 H quantitative NMR (qNMR) method, comparing the results with the colorimetric Folin–Ciocalteu total phenolic content (TPC) assay. Method: qNMR was performed with integration of selected peaks in the aromatic region (7–5.5 ppm). Deselection of non‐polyphenolic 1 H signals was based on information from 2D (1 H‐13 C, 1 H‐15 N) NMR spectra. 13 C NMR phlorotannin characterisation facilitated the average number of protons expected to be found per aromatic ring used for the 1 H quantification. Results: Selective qNMR and the TPC assay showed similar results for the three sublittoral growing species from the Laminariaceae; lower amounts for Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria digitata (qNMR: 0.4%–0.6%; TPC: 0.6%–0.8%, phloroglucinol equivalents (PGE), dry weight (DW)) and higher amounts for Saccharina latissima (qNMR: 1.2%; TPC: 1.5%, PGE, DW). For the eulittoral Fucaceae, Fucus vesiculosus (qNMR: 1.1%; TPC: 4.1%; PGE, DW) and Ascophyllum nodosum (qNMR: 0.9%; TPC: 2.0%; PGE, DW), the TPC results were found to be up to three times higher than the qNMR results. The 13 C NMR characterisation showed the highest phlorotannin polymerisation degree for F. vesiculosus. Conclusion: The TPC assay provided similar polyphenolic amounts to the selective qNMR method for sublittoral species. For eulittoral growing species, the TPC method showed amounts up to three times higher than the qNMR method—most likely illustrating the lack of selectivity in the TPC assay.

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  • Wekre et al. obtained a TAC of 6.860 mg GAE/g d.w. for a 50% (v/v) ethanolic extract of seaweed from Melbourne, Victoria.

    “Wekre et al. [24] obtained the TAC of 6.860 mg GAE/g d.w. for a 50% (v/v) ethanolic extract of seaweed (Melbourne, Victoria)”

    From Improvement of Alginate Extraction from Brown Seaweed (Laminaria digitata L.) and Valorization of Its Remaining Ethanolic Fraction (2024) · cites this paper as Wekre et al. [24]

    The Materials and Methods sections identify the Melbourne, Victoria seaweed as Laminaria digitata and describe extraction with 50:50 aqueous ethanol. Table 5 reports 6.86 mg GAE/g dry weight for that sample, but it is a qNMR measurement of total polyphenol content, not a TAC result. The cited source therefore supports the sample, extraction, and numerical value, but not the stated measurement. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The TAC of the residual ethanolic fraction of brown seaweed is significantly higher than those available in the literature.

    “After analysis, it was concluded that the TAC of the residual ethanolic fraction of brown seaweed is significantly higher than those available in the literature.”

    From Improvement of Alginate Extraction from Brown Seaweed (Laminaria digitata L.) and Valorization of Its Remaining Ethanolic Fraction (2024) · cites this paper as Wekre et al. [24]

    The Introduction (Table 1; page unavailable) lists published polyphenol concentrations, and the Sample preparation section (page unavailable) describes aqueous-ethanol extraction. Neither reports TAC for a residual ethanolic fraction or compares its TAC with literature values. Searches for “TAC,” “residual fraction,” and the claimed higher-than-literature comparison found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wekre, M. E., Hellesen Brunvoll, S., & Jordheim, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Bergen (NO)
  • Department of Chemistry University of Bergen Bergen Norway
Corresponding author
Jordheim, Monica
ORCID
Venue
Phytochemical Analysis
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-07-07
Volume
33
Issue
7
Pages
1099-1110
ISSN
  • 0958-0344 (ISSN-L)
  • 1099-1565
DOI
10.1002/pca.3162
PMC
PMC9796469
OpenAlex
W4284883877
Cited by
29
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1
FWCI
4.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Phytochemical Analysis (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Bergens Forskningsstiftelse (BFS‐NMR‐1)
  • Norges Forskningsråd (297507)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
Keywords
brown algae, polyphenols, quantitative NMR, total phenolic content, Folin-Ciocalteu assay, phlorotannins, Laminaria hyperborea, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima, Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum, intertidal zone, method comparison
MeSH terms
Phaeophyceae, Laminaria, Phenols, Phloroglucinol, Protons, Seaweed, Polyphenols

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