The three‐vessel and trachea view (3VTV) in the first trimester of pregnancy: an additional tool in screening for congenital heart defects (CHD) in an unselected population

Screening for chromosomal abnormalities at 10–14 weeks: the role of ductus venosus blood flow

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Three‐vessel view of the fetal upper mediastinum: an easy means of detecting abnormalities of the ventricular outflow tracts and great arteries during obstetric screening

Yoo, S., Lee, Y., Kim, E. S., Ryu, H. M., Kim, M. Y., Choi, H., Cho, K. S., & Kim, A. (1997) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1997.09030173.x · Cited by 260 · see citing works

Detailed screening for fetal anomalies and cardiac defects at the 11–13‐week scan

Becker, R., & Wegner, R. ‐. (2006) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.2709 · Cited by 193 · see citing works

Improved detection rate of structural abnormalities in the first trimester using an extended examination protocol

Iliescu, D. G., Tudorache, Ş., Comănescu, A. C., Antsaklis, P. J., Cotarcea, S., Novac, L. V., Cernea, N., & Antsaklis, A. J. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.12489 · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Absent or hypoplastic thymus on ultrasound: a marker for deletion 22q11.2 in fetal cardiac defects

Chaoui, R., Kalache, K. D., Heling, K. S., Tennstedt, C., Bommer, C., & Körner, H. (2002) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00864.x · Cited by 138 · see citing works

Fetal echocardiography at 11–13 weeks by transabdominal high‐frequency ultrasound

Persico, N., Moratalla, J., Lombardi, C. M., Zidere, V., Allan, L. D., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2011) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.8934 · Cited by 119 · see citing works

Contribution of Fetal Tricuspid Regurgitation in First-Trimester Screening for Major Cardiac Defects

Pereira, S., Ganapathy, R., Syngelaki, A., Maíz, N., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2011) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31821aa720 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

Contribution of Ductus Venosus Doppler in First-Trimester Screening for Major Cardiac Defects

Chelemen, T., Syngelaki, A., Maíz, N., Allan, L. D., & Nicolaides, K. H. (2010) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000322138 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

The role of the three vessels and trachea view (3VT) in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects

Viñals, F., Heredia, F., & Giuliano, A. (2003) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.882 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Three cross‐sectional planes for fetal color Doppler echocardiography

Chaoui, R., & McEwing, R. L. (2002) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.5 · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Conotruncal anomalies in prenatal life

Paladini, D., Rustico, M. A., Todros, T., Palmieri, S., Gaglioti, P. P., Benettoni, A., Russo, M. G., Chiappa, E., & D’Ottavio, G. (1996) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.1996.08040241.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Nuchal translucency and major congenital heart defects in fetuses with normal karyotype: a meta‐analysis

Sotiriadis, A., Papatheodorou, S., Eleftheriades, M. I., & Makrydimas, G. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.12488 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

22q11 deletions in fetuses with malformations of the outflow tracts or interruption of the aortic arch: impact of additional ultrasound signs

Volpe, P., Marasini, M., Caruso, G., Marzullo, A., Buonadonna, A. L., Arciprete, P. M., Paolo, S. D., Volpe, G., & Gentile, M. (2003) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.682 · Cited by 77 · see citing works

Fetal cardiac evaluation at 11–14 weeks by experienced obstetricians in a low‐risk population

Volpe, P., Passamonti, U., Volpe, N., Campobasso, G., Robertis, V. D., Tempesta, A., Volpe, G., & Rembouskos, G. (2011) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2831 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

The fetal three-vessel and tracheal view revisited

Gardiner, H., & Chaoui, R. (2013) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2013.01.007 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Comparison of echocardiographic findings in fetuses at less than 15 weeks' gestation with later cardiac evaluation

Zidere, V., Bellsham‐Revell, H., Persico, N., & Allan, L. D. (2013) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.12517 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Defects at the 11‐ to 13‐Week Scan Using a Simple Color Doppler Protocol Including the 4‐Chamber and 3‐Vessel and Trachea Views

Wiechec, M. T., Knafel, A., & Nocuń, A. (2015) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.7863/ultra.34.4.585 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Basic heart examination: feasibility study of first-trimester systematic simplified fetal echocardiography

Quarello, E., Lafouge, A., Fries, N., Salomon, L. J., & the, C. F. E. F. (2016) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.15866 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

A Practical Guide to Fetal Echocardiography (Normal and Abnormal Hearts)

Kapusta, L. (2011) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.02.019 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Fetal cardiac axis and congenital heart defects in early gestation

Sinkovskaya, E. S., Chaoui, R., Karl, K., Andreeva, E., Zhuchenko, L., & Abuhamad, A. Z. (2015) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000000608 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease by Early and Second-Trimester Fetal Echocardiography

Volpe, P., Robertis, V. D., Campobasso, G., Tempesta, A., Volpe, G., & Rembouskos, G. (2012) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.7863/jum.2012.31.4.563 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Early detection of fetal cardiac abnormalities: how effective is it and how should we manage these patients?

Clur, S. B., & Bilardo, C. M. (2014) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4466 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Simplified first‐trimester fetal cardiac screening (four chamber view and ventricular outflow tracts) in a low‐risk population

Orlandi, E., Rossi, C., Perino, A., Musicò, G., & Orlandi, F. (2014) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4348 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

First‐trimester ultrasound detection of fetal heart anomalies: systematic review and meta‐analysis

Karim, J. N., Bradburn, E., Roberts, N. W., Papageorghiou, A. T., & study, F. T. A. (2021) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.23740 · Cited by 165 · see citing works

DEGUM, ÖGUM, SGUM and FMF Germany Recommendations for the Implementation of First-Trimester Screening, Detailed Ultrasound, Cell-Free DNA Screening and Diagnostic Procedures

Kozlowski, P., Burkhardt, T., Gembruch, U., Gonser, M., Kähler, C., Kagan, K. O., von Kaisenberg, C., Klaritsch, P., Merz, E., Steiner, H., et al. (2018) · Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound · doi:10.1055/a-0631-8898 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Guidelines for the management of neonates and infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Guidelines Task Force

Alphonso, N., Angelini, A., Barron, D. J., Bellsham‐Revell, H., Blom, N. A., Brown, K., Davis, D. A., Duncan, D. R., Fedrigo, M., Galletti, L., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezaa188 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound screening for fetal structural abnormalities during the first and second trimester of pregnancy in low-risk and unselected populations

Buijtendijk, M. F., Bet, B. B., Leeflang, M. M., Shah, H., Reuvekamp, T., Goring, T., Docter, D., Timmerman, M. G., Dawood, Y., Lugthart, M. A., et al. (2024) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd014715.pub2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

The effect of the introduction of the three‐vessel view on the detection rate of transposition of the great arteries and tetralogy of <scp>Fallot</scp>

Everwijn, S. M. P., van Nisselrooij, A. E. L., Rozendaal, L., Clur, S. B., Pajkrt, E., Hruda, J., Linskens, I. H., van Lith, J. M., Blom, N. A., & Haak, M. C. (2018) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.5347 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Performance of First-Trimester Fetal Echocardiography in Diagnosing Fetal Heart Defects: Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Yu, D., Sui, L., & Zhang, N. (2020) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/jum.15123 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Prenatal detection of congenital heart disease at 12–13 gestational weeks: detailed analysis of false‐negative cases

Bottelli, L., Franzè, V., Tuo, G., Buffelli, F., & Paladini, D. (2022) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.26094 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Advances in fetal echocardiography

Gardiner, H. M. (2017) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2017.11.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The outcome of structural heart defects diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy

Duţă, S., Veduță, A., Vayna, A. M., Panaitescu, A. M., Nedelea, F. M., & Peltecu, G. C. (2019) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2019.1637849 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Congenital heart anomalies in the first trimester: From screening to diagnosis

Rieder, W., Éperon, I., & Meagher, S. E. (2023) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.6391 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Screening performance of congenital heart defects in first trimester using simple cardiac scan, nuchal translucency, abnormal ductus venosus blood flow and tricuspid regurgitation

Orlić, N. K., Egic, A. S., Damnjanovic‐Pazin, B., Lukić, R., Joksić, I., & Mikovic, Z. (2019) · Congenital Heart Disease · doi:10.1111/chd.12852 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Ultrasound Patterns in the First Trimester Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease

Herghelegiu, C. G., Panaitescu, A. M., Duţă, S., Vayna, A. M., Ciobanu, A. M., Bulescu, C., Ioan, R. G., Neacşu, A., Gică, N., & Veduță, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10153206 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Cleft Palate with or without Cleft Lip: The Role of Retronasal Triangle View and Maxillary Gap at 11–14 Weeks

Robertis, V. D., Rembouskos, G., Fanelli, T., Votino, C., & Volpe, P. (2019) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000496842 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

“Y Sign” at the Level of the 3‐Vessel and Trachea View: An Effective Fetal Marker of Aortic Dextroposition Anomalies in the First Trimester

Pasternok, M., Nocuń, A., Knafel, A., Grzesiak, M., Orzechowski, M., Konarska, K., Ludwin, A., Ludwin, I., Zymroz, P., Parzynska, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/jum.14533 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

The diagnostic value of the early extended fetal heart examination at 13 to 14 weeks gestational age in a high-risk population

Ye, B., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Yang, Y., Niu, J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., & Cheng, W. (2021) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-21-255 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Clinical implementation of first trimester screening for congenital heart defects

Helmbæk, M. E., Sundberg, K., Jørgensen, D. S., Petersen, O. B., Tolsgaard, M. G., Vejlstrup, N. G., Harmsen, L., Kruse, C. D., Steensberg, J. N., Vedel, C., et al. (2024) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.6584 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Tetralogy of Fallot and Outlet Ventricular Septal Defect with Anterior Malalignment Detected at Early Fetal Echocardiography

Robertis, V. D., Persico, N., Volpe, G., Rembouskos, G., Fabietti, I., Olivieri, C., Giudicepietro, A., & Volpe, P. (2020) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000508877 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Four-section approach of fetal congenital heart disease at 11–13+6 weeks

Ling, W. W., Wu, Q., Guo, S., Li, S., Ma, H., Huang, B., Zeng, L., Dang, T., Liu, M., Qiu, X., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1206042 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The detection rate of first trimester ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects: A narrative review

Dudnikov, O., Quinton, A. E., & Alphonse, J. (2021) · Sonography · doi:10.1002/sono.12253 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Clinical and cost-effectiveness of detailed anomaly ultrasound screening in the first trimester: A mixed-methods study

Karim, J. N., Campbell, H., Pandya, P., Wilson, E. C. F., Alfirevic, Z., Chudleigh, T., Duff, E., Fisher, J., Goodman, H., Hinton, L., et al. (2025) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/nltp7102 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

False-Positive Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Defects at First-Trimester Ultrasound: An Italian Multicentric Study

Andrietti, S., D’Agostino, S., Panarelli, M., Sarno, L., Pisaturo, M. L., & Fantasia, I. (2024) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics14222543 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: About a Postnatal Death

Giugliano, P., Ciamarra, P., Simone, M. D., Feola, A., Zangani, P., Campobasso, C. P., & Mansueto, G. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13050821 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The role of first-trimester single arterial vessel sign instead of a V-sign at the level of the three-vessel and tracheal view in screening for congenital heart diseases

Nocuń, A., Wiechec, M. T., Dudzik, M., & Serafin, K. (2023) · Prenatal Cardiology · doi:10.5114/pcard.2023.133995 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Fehlbildungsdiagnostik im ersten Trimenon: Was kann die Untersuchung leisten?

Prodan, N., Kagan, K. O., & Hoopmann, M. (2021) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-021-04817-1

Anomalies chromosomiques : du dépistage au diagnostic

Bourgeot, P., Houfflin‐Debarge, V., Guérin, B., & Robert, Y. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76352-6.00016-8

The Basics of Fetal Diagnosis and Fetal Intervention: Perinatal Transition

Nagata, H. (2021) · Japanese Society of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery · doi:10.9794/jspccs.37.265

The Fetal Heart in Early Pregnancy

Hernandez‐Andrade, E. A., & Huntley, E. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24133-8_12

Sommes-nous enfin prêts à dépister les cardiopathies congénitales au 1er trimestre de la grossesse en population à bas risque ?

Quarello, E. (2024) · Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie · doi:10.1016/j.gofs.2024.01.001

Ultrasound signs of fetal chromosomal abnormalities at 11–14 weeks of pregnancy and its value in the era of modern genetic testing

Bulanova, M. M., Smirnova, D. S., & Panina, O. B. (2024) · Ultrasound & Functional Diagnostics · doi:10.24835/1607-0771-2023-3-67-95

Evaluation of Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation in Detection of Atrioventricular Septal Defects at First Trimester Ultrasound

Guo, Z., Yang, Y., Zhili, Y., Juhua, X., Xiao, X.-J., Jia, C., Haiyan, L., & Xin, Z. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1155/2024/5027009

Simplified First‐Trimester Fetal Cardiac Screening Protocol for Low‐Risk Pregnancies: Enhancing Efficiency and Accuracy

Pincham, V., McLennan, A., Forsey, J., & Mogra, R. (2025) · Australasian Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajum.70000

Color Doppler Patterns’ Recognition Indicative of Congenital Heart Defects at the First-Trimester Referral Scan

Robertis, V. D., Bosco, M., Fantasia, I., Olivieri, C., Fanelli, T., & Volpe, P. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15162088

Multimodal Imaging from Fetal to Adult Life: A Comprehensive Approach to Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)

Moscatelli, S., Sabatino, J., Leo, I., Borrelli, N., Avesani, M., Salvo, G. D., Montanaro, C., Pergola, V., Motta, R., Ielapi, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd12090349

Association Between Fetal Congenital Heart Disease and Assisted Reproductive Technologies in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study

Ramezzana, I. G., Reschini, M., Boito, S., Mauri, L., Giri, A., Somigliana, E., & Persico, N. (2026) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.70030

3D in the First Trimester

Robertis, V. D., Bosco, M., & Volpe, P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-19697-2_2

Correlation between tricuspid regurgitation and fetal cardiac structure or signs and prenatal genetic testing abnormalities in fetuses at 12+ 0 to 16+ 0 weeks of gestation

Shuai, Z., Jingyi, W., Sun, H., Han, J., Yuxuan, G., Hairui, W., Xiuyun, Z., & Yihua, H. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09254-3

Fetal Anomalies: The Role of Early Anatomy Scan

Ayhan, I., & Khalil, A. A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-23479-7_4

OC14.01: The three‐vessels and trachea view as part of screening of congenital heart defects in a low‐risk population during the first trimester screening

Robertis, V. D., Rembouskos, G., Fanelli, T., Muto, B., Tempesta, A., & Volpe, P. (2016) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.16094

The complete three‐vessel view in prenatal detection of congenital heart defects

Tongsong, T., Tongprasert, F., Srisupundit, K., & Luewan, S. (2009) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2404 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

OC146: The three‐vessel view as part of fetal echocardiography in the first‐trimester screening—possibilities in the detection of congenital heart defects

Heling, K. S., & Chaoui, R. (2006) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.3006

OP21.08: The role of three vessels and trachea view in screening fetal congenital heart defects

Wang, H. F., Xiong, Y., & Lin, Q. (2008) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.5849

Should the three vessels view be the part of routine scanning for congenital heart defects?

Ioudina, E., & Medvedev, M. V. (2001) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.abs15-7.x