Community Health Workers Supporting Clinical Pharmacists in Diabetes Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pharmacists and community health workers (CHW s) in improving glycemic control within a low‐income ethnic minority population. Methods: In a two‐arm 2‐year crossover trial, 179 African‐American and 65 Hispanic adult patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (hemoglobin A 1c [Hb A1C] of 8% or higher) were randomized to CHW support either during the first or second year of the study. All participants received clinical pharmacist support for both years of the study. The primary outcome was change in HbA1C over 1 and 2 years. Results: Similar HbA1C declines were noted after receiving the 1 year of CHW support: −0.45% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.96 to 0.05) with CHW versus −0.42% (95% CI −0.93 to 0.08) without CHW support. In addition, no differences were noted in change on secondary outcome measures including body mass index, systolic blood pressure, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, quality of life, and perceived social support. A difference in diastolic blood pressure change was noted: 0.80 mm Hg (95% CI −1.92 to 3.53) with CHW versus −1.85 mm Hg (95% CI −4.74 to 1.03) without CHW support (p=0.0078). Patients receiving CHW support had more lipid‐lowering medication intensifications (0.39 [95% CI 0.27–0.52]) compared with those without CHW support (0.26 [95% CI 0.14–0.38], p<0.0001). However, no significant differences in intensification of antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive medications were observed between patients receiving CHW support and those without CHW support. Patients with low health literacy completed significantly more encounters with the pharmacist and CHW than those with high health literacy, although outcomes were comparable. Conclusions: No significant differences were noted between a clinical pharmacist–CHW team and clinical pharmacist alone in improving glycemic control within a low‐income ethnic minority population.
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Previous work has investigated clinical pharmacists partnering with community health workers (health coaches) to engage diverse populations with type 2 diabetes.
“Previous work9,10 has investigated clinical pharmacists partnering with community health workers (health coaches) to engage diverse populations with type 2 diabetes (T2D).”
From Mobile Health Intervention in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
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A Review of Hypertension Intervention Through Pharmacist and Community Health Worker Collaboration
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- Authors
- Sharp, L. K., Tilton, J. J., Touchette, D. R., Xia, Y., Mihailescu, D., Berbaum, M. L., & Gerber, B. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gerber, Ben S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-11-30
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 58-68
- ISSN
- 0277-0008 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-9114
- PMC
- PMC5766435
- OpenAlex
- W2767838938
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacy and Medical Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- community health workers, clinical pharmacists, diabetes management, glycemic control, HbA1c, medication intensification, lipid-lowering therapy, antihypertensive therapy, health literacy, low-income patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Black or African American, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Community Health Workers, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmaceutical Services, Pharmacists, Poverty, Quality of Life, Cross-Over Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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