Upper extremity rehabilitation using fully immersive virtual reality games with a head mount display: a feasibility study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation therapy using a virtual reality (VR) system for stroke patients has gained attention. However, few studies have investigated fully immersive VR using a head-mount display (HMD) for upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke patients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility, preliminary efficacy, and usability of a fully immersive VR rehabilitation program using a commercially available HMD for upper-limb rehabilitation in stroke patients. DESIGN: A feasibility study. SETTING: Two rehabilitation centers. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve stroke patients with upper extremity weakness. INTERVENTIONS: Five upper extremity rehabilitation tasks were implemented in a virtual environment, and the participants wore an HMD (HTC Vive) and trained with appropriate tasks. Participants received a total of 10 sessions two to three times a week, consisting of 30 minutes per session. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Both patient participation and adverse effects of VR training were monitored. Primary efficacy was assessed using functional outcomes (Action Research Arm Test, Box and Block Test, and modified Barthel Index), before and after the intervention. Usability was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire. RESULTS: Three patients discontinued VR training, and nine patients completed the entire training sessions and there were no adverse effects due to motion sickness. The patients who received all sessions showed significant functional improvement in all outcome measures after training (P < .05 for all measures). The overall satisfaction was 6.3 ± 0.8 on a 7-point Likert scale in all participants. CONCLUSIONS: A fully immersive VR rehabilitation program using an HMD for rehabilitation of the upper extremities following stroke is feasible and, in this small study, no serious adverse effects were identified. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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A study found that immersive VR contributed positively to the state of patients who had suffered chronic stroke.
“A recent study, looking at the effect of immersive VR for patients who had suffered from chronic stroke patients, found this technology to be contributing positively to the state of patients.”
From The rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare applications (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
For chronic stroke patients, immersive VR could act as a personal rehabilitation physiotherapist engaging upper limb movement multiple times a day, allowing possible neuroplasticity and gradual return of normal motor function.
“For these patients, this immersive experience could act as a personal rehabilitation physiotherapist who engages their upper limb movement multiple times a day, allowing for possible neuroplasticity and a gradual return of normal motor function to these regions.”
From The rise of artificial intelligence in healthcare applications (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Lee, S. H., Jung, H., Yun, S. J., Oh, B., & Seo, H. G.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Seo, Han Gil
- Venue
- PM&R
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-09-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 257-262
- ISSN
- 1934-1482 (ISSN-L)
- 1934-1563
- OpenAlex
- W2950430215
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 7.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- PM&R (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Seoul National University Hospital (04‐2017‐0760)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Spatial Neglect and Hemispheric Dysfunction
- Keywords
- virtual reality rehabilitation, upper limb rehabilitation, stroke, head-mounted displays, immersive virtual reality, upper limb weakness, feasibility, usability, motion sickness, Action Research Arm Test, Box and Block Test, Modified Barthel Index, patient satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Stroke Rehabilitation, Virtual Reality, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Recovery of Function, Stroke, Upper Extremity, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
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