Psychological adjustment of parents of pediatric cancer patients revisited: five years later
Open accessAbstract
We investigated the psychological functioning of parents of children suffering from pediatric cancer using a prospective design over a five-year time period. Parents of children diagnosed with cancer participated at diagnosis (T1), six months (T2), twelve months (T3), and five years later (T4, n = 115). Repeated measures ANOVAs were calculated for the three measures of psychological distress (GHQ, SCL-90 and STAI-S) to examine changes over time and gender differences. Independent T-tests were computed to examine differences between the mean scores of the parents at T4 and the norm groups. The effects of health status and earlier levels of distress on T4 functioning were examined using ANOVA and partial correlational analysis. Results showed that levels of reported distress, psychoneurotic symptoms and state anxiety significantly decreased across time to normal levels at T4 except on the GHQ. A significantly higher percentage of parents (27%) than in the norm group (15%) showed clinically elevated scores on the GHQ. Mothers had higher scores than fathers only on state anxiety. Parents of relapsed children reported higher anxiety levels than parents of surviving and deceased children. Psychological functioning at T1 was significantly related to functioning at T4. These results support the conclusion that although parental distress decreases with time, a significant number of parents still suffer from clinical distress after five years. Parents of relapsed children are at risk for long-term psychological problems as are those with higher levels of psychosomatic complaints at diagnosis.
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The post-treatment period is a vulnerable time for some parents, who can experience worsening quality of life, anxiety, depression, and feelings of helplessness.
“Despite the acknowledged positive aspects of treatment completion [5,6], this is a vulnerable time for some parents, who can experience worsening quality of life (QoL), anxiety, depression, and feelings of helplessness [7,8].”
From Online parent-targeted cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention to improve quality of life in families of young cancer survivors: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
The Results and Discussion (page not provided) show that some parents remained clinically distressed five years after diagnosis, and the study measured anxiety. They do not identify treatment completion as a particularly vulnerable period or report worsening quality of life, depression, or helplessness; distress and anxiety decreased overall across the study period. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA subgroup of parents of children previously treated for cancer report long-term psychological distress after end of treatment.
“A subgroup of parents of children previously treated for cancer report long-term psychological distress after end of treatment.”
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- Authors
- Wijnberg-Williams, B. J., Kamps, W. A., Klip, E. C., & Hoekstra-Weebers, J. E. H. M.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Wijnberg-Williams, Barbara J.
- Venue
- Psycho-Oncology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 1057-9249 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1611
- OpenAlex
- W1979784966
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psycho-Oncology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Childhood Cancer Survivors' Quality of Life
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Family Support in Illness
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- parental adjustment, childhood cancer, parents of children with cancer, psychological distress, state anxiety, psychoneurotic symptoms, long-term follow-up, relapse, gender differences, mothers versus fathers, psychosomatic symptoms, bereavement
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Staging, Neoplasms, Parents, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Survival Rate
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