Silica Aerogel: Synthesis, Characterization, Applications, and Recent Advancements
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Abstract Silica aerogels have drawn considerable attention due to their low density (almost 95% of the total volume is composed of air), hydrophobicity, optical transparency, low conductivity of heat, and large surface to volume ratio. Sol–gel processing is used to prepare aerogels from molecular precursors. To replace the pore fluid with air while retaining the solid network, a supercritical drying process (the most frequent approach) is used. However, recent technologies use atmospheric pressure to allow for liquid removal followed by chemical alteration of the gel's internal layer, which leaves only a silica network with a porous structure filled with air. This study discusses the sol–gel method for preparing silica aerogels and their various drying processes. Furthermore, various areas of applications of silica aerogels, including electronics, construction, aerospace, purification of water and air, sensing, catalyst, biomedical, absorbent, food packing, textile, etc., are also discussed. Lastly, this review provides a perception of the recent scientific progress along with the futuristic development of silica aerogel.
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If aging is increased, the aerogel shows a decrease in bulk density and contraction, unlike gels dried at room temperature.
“If aging is increased, the aerogel shows a decrease in bulk density and contraction, different to gels dried at room temperature (ambient dried has a larger pore size and volume).”
From Silica Aerogels as a Promising Vehicle for Effective Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
The Conclusions passage (page unavailable) says too little aging can destabilize the gel network and lead to collapse during solvent extraction, which lends support to reduced contraction with adequate aging. It says longer aging tends to lower pore volume, but does not say that bulk density decreases with aging. Section 2.3 (page unavailable) discusses capillary tension during ambient-pressure drying; it does not establish that ambient-dried gels have larger pores or greater pore volume. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNon-precious alternatives such as metals/alloys, their oxides/phosphides/sulfides/selenides/nitrides/carbides, metal-free carbon, single atoms, and composites hold high promise for use in electrochemical water splitting.
“These materials have been widely reported and hold high promise for use in electrochemical water splitting.”
From Silica Aerogels as a Promising Vehicle for Effective Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
Section 4.2.5 (Battery Applications; page unavailable) discusses silica-aerogel battery separators and electrolytes, while Section 4.4.3 (Gas-Phase Catalyst; page unavailable) discusses other catalytic reactions. Searches for water splitting and the listed non-precious catalyst classes found no passage assessing their promise for electrochemical water splitting. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Aerogels in Active and Smart Packaging: Sensing, Preservation, and Sustainability
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Low-Cost Preparation of Hydrophobic Silica Aerogels from Water Glass Using Water as the Sole Solvent
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- Authors
- Rashid, A. B., Shishir, S. I., Mahfuz, M. A., Hossain, M. T., & Hoque, M. E.
- Affiliations
- Military Institute of Science and Technology (BD)
- Corresponding author
- Rashid, Adib Bin
- Hoque, Md Enamul
- Venue
- Particle & Particle Systems Characterization
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-03-02
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- ISSN
- 0934-0866 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4117
- OpenAlex
- W4319660226
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 7.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Particle & Particle Systems Characterization (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Aerogels and thermal insulation
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Ceramics and Composites › Advanced ceramic materials synthesis
- Keywords
- silica aerogel, sol-gel synthesis, supercritical drying, atmospheric pressure drying, drying, porous media, low thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity, water purification, air purification, sensing, catalysts, biomedical applications, adsorbents, food packaging, textiles
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