The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Entanglement is not enough
Open accessAbstract
This is the written version of a lecture given at KITP in Oct 2014 on Black Holes and quantum complexity. I've included (in boldface) various questions that came up during the lecture and discussions the following day, as well as the quantitative calculations that form the basis of the arguments.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This is the fact that the wormhole is getting longer [62, 63].”
From Replica wormholes and the entropy of Hawking radiation (2020) · cites this paper as [63]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The entropy of region R without considering the island grows linearly with time t b , S Hawking ∼ πc 6β t b .”
From Replica wormholes for an evaporating 2D black hole (2021) · cites this paper as [69]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Simulating physics with computers
Feynman, R. P. (1982) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf02650179 · Cited by 7,691
Average entropy of a subsystem
Page, D. N. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1291 · Cited by 1,578
Eternal black holes in anti-de Sitter
Maldacena, J. (2003) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2003/04/021 · Cited by 1,555
Black holes and the butterfly effect
Shenker, S. H., & Stanford, D. (2014) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2014)067 · Cited by 1,533
Greenberger, D. M., Horne, M. A., & Zeilinger, A. (1989) · Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0849-4_10 · Cited by 1,513
Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1207.3123 · Cited by 1,471
Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2013)062 · Cited by 1,470
Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems
Hayden, P., & Preskill, J. (2007) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/120 · Cited by 1,332
Cool horizons for entangled black holes
Maldacena, J., & Susskind, L. (2013) · Fortschritte der Physik · doi:10.1002/prop.201300020 · Cited by 1,304
Self-citationInformation in black hole radiation
Page, D. N. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.3743 · Cited by 1,172 · cited 1×
“Again, if one assumes that the initial black hole was well scrambled, then any small subset of the degrees of freedom will be maximally entangled with the rest [12].”
BackgroundBuilding up spacetime with quantum entanglement
Van Raamsdonk, M. (2010) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-010-1034-0 · Cited by 1,108
The stretched horizon and black hole complementarity
Susskind, L., Thorlacius, L., & Uglum, J. (1993) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.48.3743 · Cited by 1,081
Self-citationBlack holes: Complementarity or firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2013) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 978
The information paradox: a pedagogical introduction
Mathur, S. D. (2009) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/26/22/224001 · Cited by 975
Entanglement as Topology: Hopf Linking as the Geometric Origin of Quantum CorrelationPreprint
Novickis, A. (2026) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20549411 · Cited by 939
A covariant entropy conjecture
Bousso, R. (1999) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/1999/07/004 · Cited by 850
Computational complexity and black hole horizons
Susskind, L. (2016) · Fortschritte der Physik · doi:10.1002/prop.201500092 · Cited by 767
Self-citationTime evolution of entanglement entropy from black hole interiors
Hartman, T., & Maldacena, J. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2013)014 · Cited by 761
Complexity and shock wave geometries
Stanford, D., & Susskind, L. (2014) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.90.126007 · Cited by 749
Self-citationRoberts, D. A., Stanford, D., & Susskind, L. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2015)051 · Cited by 637
Self-citationA geometric approach to quantum circuit lower bounds
Nielsen, M. A. (2006) · Quantum Information and Computation · doi:10.26421/qic6.3-2 · Cited by 392
Entanglement Tsunami: Universal Scaling in Holographic Thermalization
Liu, H., & Suh, S. J. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.112.011601 · Cited by 364
Tensor Network States and Geometry
Evenbly, G., & Vidal, G. (2011) · Journal of Statistical Physics · doi:10.1007/s10955-011-0237-4 · Cited by 312
Quantum computation vs. firewalls
Harlow, D., & Hayden, P. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2013)085 · Cited by 310
MALDACENA, J. M., & Susskind, L. (1996) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(96)00323-9 · Cited by 302
Self-citationAn Infalling Observer in AdS/CFTPreprint
Papadodimas, K., & Raju, S. (2016) · Cited by 263
Gauge-Gravity Duality and the Black Hole Interior
Marolf, D., & Polchinski, J. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.171301 · Cited by 260
Fischler, W., & Susskind, L. (1998) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9806039 · Cited by 247
Self-citationSwitchbacks and the Bridge to NowherePreprint
Susskind, L., & Zhao, Y. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1408.2823 · Cited by 235
Self-citationGedanken experiments involving black holes
Susskind, L., & Lárus Thorlacius, A. (1994) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.49.966 · Cited by 198
Self-citationBlack hole entanglement and quantum error correction
Verlinde, E., & Verlinde, H. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2013)107 · Cited by 186
Multiboundary wormholes and holographic entanglement
Balasubramanian, V., Hayden, P. M., Maloney, A., Marolf, D. M., & Ross, S. F. (2014) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/31/18/185015 · Cited by 153
Semiclassical Wheeler wormhole production
Garfinkle, D., & Strominger, A. (1991) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)90665-d · Cited by 129
Entropy in black hole pair production
Garfinkle, D., Giddings, S. B., & Strominger, A. (1994) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.49.958 · Cited by 119
Constructing holographic spacetimes using entanglement renormalization
Swingle, B. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1209.3304 · Cited by 102
Multiboundary wormholes and holographic entanglement
Balasubramanian, V., Hayden, P. M., Maloney, A., Marolf, D., & Ross, S. (2014) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 101
Black hole entropy as entropy of entanglement, or it's curtains for the equivalence principlePreprint
Braunstein, S. L. (2009) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 55
A geometric approach to quantum circuit lower boundsPreprint
Nielsen, M. A. (2005) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0502070 · Cited by 49
Going Beyond Bell's TheoremPreprint
Greenberger, D. M., Horne, M., & Zeilinger, A. (2007) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0712.0921 · Cited by 32
Computational Complexity and Black Hole HorizonsPreprint
Susskind, L. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1402.5674 · Cited by 23
Self-citationBlack Hole Evaporation and Quantum Gravity
Schoutens, K., Verlinde, H., & Verlinde, E. (1994) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789814447072_0001 · Cited by 13
The geometry of quantum computationPreprint
Dowling, M. R., & Nielsen, M. A. (2006) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0701004 · Cited by 7
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- S. H.ShenkerandD.Stanford arXiv:1312.3296 [hep‐th]. · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Replica wormholes and the entropy of Hawking radiation
Almheiri, A., Hartman, T., Maldacena, J., Shaghoulian, E., & Tajdini, A. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2020)013 · Cited by 910
Hosur, P., Qi, X.-L., Roberts, D. A., & Yoshida, B. (2016) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2016)004 · Cited by 718
Circuit complexity in quantum field theory
Jefferson, R., & Myers, R. C. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2017)107 · Cited by 461
Diagnosing Chaos Using Four-Point Functions in Two-Dimensional Conformal Field Theory
Roberts, D. A., & Stanford, D. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.115.131603 · Cited by 511
Quantum Entanglement in Neural Network States
Deng, D.-L., Li, X., & Sarma, S. D. (2017) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.7.021021 · Cited by 475
Metadata
- Authors
- Susskind, L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Susskind, Leonard
- ORCID
- Susskind, Leonard
- Venue
- Fortschritte der Physik
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-71
- ISSN
- 0015-8208 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3978
- OpenAlex
- W2162408901
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 22.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Fortschritte der Physik (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0756174)
- John Templeton Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
- Keywords
- black holes, quantum complexity, quantum entanglement, quantum chaos, black hole information
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
