Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
This explains the state dependence required in the Hayden-Preskill decoding process and gives a direct derivation of the results about state dependence in entanglement wedge reconstruction from [13].
“This explains the state dependence required in the Hayden-Preskill decoding process [47] and gives a direct derivation of the results about state dependence in entanglement wedge reconstruction from [13].”
From Replica wormholes and the black hole interior (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
The decoding discussion (section labeled JHEP09(2007)120; page not specified) says Bob chooses which qubits to recover and describes different decoding maps for different subsystems. This supports a dependence on what is being recovered, but the cited paper does not explicitly establish the claimed dependence on the state. The entanglement-wedge derivation is attributed to [13], not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA small diary thrown into the black hole early in evaporation can be reconstructed from Hawking radiation immediately after the Page time; a small diary thrown after the Page time can be reconstructed after waiting the scrambling time.
“A small diary thrown into the black holes early in the evaporation can therefore be reconstructed from the Hawking radiation immediately after the Page time.A small diary thrown into the black hole after the Page time can be reconstructed after waiting for the scrambling time.These two results constitute the Hayden-Preskill decoding criterion [8].”
From Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
The paper’s discussion of its two main conclusions says that information deposited before the halfway point emerges almost immediately afterward, while information deposited later can be recovered rapidly. The Introduction estimates the later recovery time as the greater of O(krS) and O(rS log(rS/lP)); for a small diary, the latter is the proposed mixing timescale. The claim omits that this timescale depends on speculative assumptions about rapid black-hole thermalization. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe time delay in y+_A can be interpreted as the scrambling time in the thermal system with temperature T(t) and gives a geometric realization of the Hayden-Preskill protocol.
“This time delay can be interpreted as the scrambling time in the thermal system with temperature T (t) and gives a nice geometric realization of the Hayden-Preskill protocol [1,2,55].”
From Replica wormholes for an evaporating 2D black hole (2021) · cites this paper as [55]
After Page time the position of the QES geometrically realizes the Hayden-Preskill time for information mirroring, so information thrown into the black hole can be recovered from the Hawking radiation after the Hayden-Preskill time.
“After Page time the position of the QES in all such setups geometrically realizes the Hayden-Preskill time for information mirroring [146] (more discussion in Sect.5.3.1)[49].More precisely, if some information is thrown into the blackhole post Page time then after the Hayden Preskill time the information crosses the QES.Therefore, the information escapes the entanglement wedge of the boundary and”
From Holographic spacetime, black holes and quantum error correcting codes: a review (2022) · cites this paper as [146]
An extension of Page's argument implies that old black holes past their Page time would act as quantum information mirrors following the Hayden-Preskill thought experiment.
“An extension of Page's argument implies that old black holes (past its Page time) would act as quantum information mirrors following a thought experiment and its analysis due to Hayden and Preskill [146] as illustrated in Fig. 26.”
From Holographic spacetime, black holes and quantum error correcting codes: a review (2022) · cites this paper as [146]
The Hayden-Preskill decoding criterion says that a small diary thrown into the black hole after the Page time should be reconstructable from the Hawking radiation after waiting for the scrambling time.
“This is very hopeful: the Hayden-Preskill decoding criterion says that a small diary, thrown into the black hole after the Page time, should be reconstructable from the Hawking radiation after waiting for the scrambling time.”
From Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Up to the unstated linear coefficient, the additional wait time agrees with random unitary toy models.
“Up to the (unstated) linear coefficient, this agrees, yet again, with random unitary toy models [8, 62].”
From Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Quantum information infalling into the black hole gets scrambled, i.e., thoroughly mixed with other degrees of freedom.
“One would rather expect that the quantum information infalling into the black hole gets”
From Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, gravitational entropy and quantum information (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
The Hayden-Preskill protocol interprets the scrambling time as the minimum time it takes for quantum information thrown into an old black hole to be recoverable in the Hawking radiation.
“The Hayden-Preskill protocol interprets the scrambling time as the minimum time it takes for quantum information thrown into an old black hole to be recoverable in the Hawking radiation [20].”
From Islands and Page curves for evaporating black holes in JT gravity (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Elements of Information Theory
Cover, T. M., & Thomas, J. A. (2001) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471200611 · Cited by 37,139 · see citing works
The large $N$ limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
Maldacena, J. (1998) · Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics · doi:10.4310/atmp.1998.v2.n2.a1 · Cited by 14,524 · see citing works
The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and SupergravityPreprint
Maldacena, J. (1998) · Cited by 12,249 · see citing works
A single quantum cannot be cloned
Wootters, W. K., & Zurek, W. H. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/299802a0 · Cited by 5,406 · see citing works
Microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
Strominger, A., & Vafa, C. (1996) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(96)00345-0 · Cited by 3,072 · see citing works
Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse
Hawking, S. W. (1976) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.14.2460 · Cited by 2,554 · see citing works
Microscopic origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
Strominger, A., & Vafa, C. (1996) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 2,109 · see citing works
Average entropy of a subsystem
Page, D. N. (1993) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.71.1291 · Cited by 1,578 · see citing works
On the inherent intractability of certain coding problems (Corresp.)
Berlekamp, E. R., McEliece, R. J., & van Tilborg, H. (1978) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.1978.1055873 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
Dieks, D. (1982) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/0375-9601(82)90084-6 · Cited by 1,461 · see citing works
Buhrman, H., Cleve, R., Watrous, J., & de Wolf, R. (2001) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.167902 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
The stretched horizon and black hole complementarity
Susskind, L., Thorlacius, L., & Uglum, J. (1993) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.48.3743 · Cited by 1,081 · see citing works
Black holes: The membrane paradigm
Thorne, K. S., Price, R. H., & Macdonald, D. A. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,046 · see citing works
Quasinormal modes of AdS black holes and the approach to thermal equilibrium
Horowitz, G. T., & Hubeny, V. E. (2000) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.62.024027 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Stabilizer Codes and Quantum Error Correction
Gottesman, D. (1997) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9705052 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Exact and approximate unitary 2-designs and their application to fidelity estimation
Dankert, C., Cleve, R., Emerson, J., & Livine, E. R. (2009) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.80.012304 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Entanglement-Assisted Classical Capacity of Noisy Quantum Channels
Bennett, C. H., Shor, P. W., Smolin, J. A., & Thapliyal, A. V. (1999) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.3081 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Capacities of Quantum Erasure Channels
Bennett, C. H., DiVincenzo, D. P., & Smolin, J. A. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.3217 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Bennett, C. H., & Shor, P. W. (1998) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/18.720553 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Susskind, L., & Lindesay, J. (2004) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789812563095 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Difficulties for the evolution of pure states into mixed states
Banks, T., Susskind, L., & Peskin, M. E. (1984) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(84)90184-6 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Entropy of an n -system from its correlation with a k -reservoir
Lubkin, E. (1978) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.523763 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
The mother of all protocols: restructuring quantum information’s family tree
Abeyesinghe, A., Devetak, I., Hayden, P. M., & Winter, A. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.2009.0202 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Self-citationDistinguishability and Accessible Information in Quantum TheoryPreprint
Fuchs, A. (1996) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/9601020 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Bennett, C. H. (2018) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429500459-13 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Gedanken experiments involving black holes
Susskind, L., & Lárus Thorlacius, A. (1994) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.49.966 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
On quantum fidelities and channel capacities
Barnum, H., Knill, E., & Nielsen, M. A. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/18.850671 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
A Decoupling Approach to the Quantum Capacity
Hayden, P., Horodecki, M., Winter, A., & Yard, J. (2008) · Open Systems & Information Dynamics · doi:10.1142/s1230161208000043 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationOn Quantum Fidelities and Channel CapacitiesPreprint
Barnum, H., Knill, E. H., & Nielsen, M. A. (2000) · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Black Hole InformationPreprint
Page, D. N. (1993) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9305040 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Do Black Holes Destroy Information?Preprint
Preskill, J. P. (1992) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-th/9209058 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficient Simulation of Random Quantum States and OperatorsPreprint
Dankert, C. (2005) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0512217 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Concatenated Conjugate CodesPreprint
Hamada, M. (2006) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0610194 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- [6]6. C. Dankert, R. Cleve, J. Emerson and E. Livine, Exact and approximate unitary 2-designs: constructions and applications, quant-ph/0606161. · arXiv
- [9]9. L. Susskind and J.S. Lindesay, Black holes, information, and the string theory revolution: the holographic universe, Singapore, World Scientific (2005).
- [15]15. S. Lloyd, Black holes, demons, and loss of coherence: how complex systems get information and what they do with it, Rockefeller University Ph.D. thesis (1988).
- [20]20. M.L. Mehta, Random matrices, Amsterdam, Elsevier (2004).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Variational quantum algorithms
Cerezo, M., Arrasmith, A., Babbush, R., Benjamin, S. C., Endo, S., Fujii, K., McClean, J. R., Mitarai, K., Yuan, X., Cincio, L., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-021-00348-9 · Cited by 3,385 · see citing works
Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1207.3123 · Cited by 1,471
Black holes: complementarity or firewalls?
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., & Sully, J. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep02(2013)062 · Cited by 1,470 · see citing works
Sekino, Y., & Susskind, L. (2008) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/065 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
The information paradox: a pedagogical introduction
Mathur, S. D. (2009) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/26/22/224001 · Cited by 975 · see citing works
Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox
Penington, G. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2020)002 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
“We start with the Hayden-Preskill decoding criterion [7].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHolographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence
Pastawski, F., Yoshida, B., Harlow, D., & Preskill, J. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2015)149 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Self-citationReplica wormholes and the black hole interior
Penington, G., Shenker, S. H., Stanford, D., & Yang, Z. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1911.11977 · Cited by 809
The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole
Almheiri, A., Engelhardt, N., Marolf, D., & Maxfield, H. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2019)063 · Cited by 818 · see citing works
Replica wormholes and the black hole interior
Penington, G., Shenker, S. H., Stanford, D., & Yang, Z. (2022) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2022)205 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
“This explains the state dependence required in the Hayden-Preskill decoding process [47] and gives a direct derivation of the results about state dependence in entanglement wedge reconstruction from [13].”
ResultThe Page curve of Hawking radiation from semiclassical geometry
Almheiri, A., Mahajan, R., Maldacena, J., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep03(2020)149 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
The entropy of Hawking radiation
Almheiri, A., Hartman, T., Maldacena, J., Shaghoulian, E., & Tajdini, A. (2021) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.93.035002 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
“The time scale r s log S BH is called “the scrambling time” and it has an interesting significance that we will not discuss in this review, see e.g. [68, 69].”
Shenker, S. H., & Stanford, D. (2015) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2015)132 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
Black holes and random matrices
Cotler, J. S., Gur-Ari, G., Hanada, M., Polchinski, J., Saad, P., Shenker, S. H., Stanford, D., Streicher, A., & Tezuka, M. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep05(2017)118 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Traversable wormholes via a double trace deformation
Gao, P., Jafferis, D. L., & Wall, A. C. (2017) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2017)151 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Jerusalem lectures on black holes and quantum information
Harlow, D. (2016) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.015002 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Susskind, L. (2016) · Fortschritte der Physik · doi:10.1002/prop.201500095 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Almheiri, A., Marolf, D., Polchinski, J., Stanford, D., & Sully, J. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2013)018 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Local Random Quantum Circuits are Approximate Polynomial-Designs
Brandão, F. G. S. L., Harrow, A. W., & Horodecki, M. (2016) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/s00220-016-2706-8 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Verified quantum information scrambling
Landsman, K. A., Figgatt, C., Schuster, T., Linke, N. M., Yoshida, B., Yao, N. Y., & Monroe, C. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-0952-6 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Time dependence of Hawking radiation entropy
Page, D. N. (2013) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/09/028 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Harnessing Disordered-Ensemble Quantum Dynamics for Machine Learning
Fujii, K., & Nakajima, K. (2017) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.8.024030 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
An infalling observer in AdS/CFT
Papadodimas, K., & Raju, S. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep10(2013)212 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Extending Noether’s theorem by quantifying the asymmetry of quantum states
Marvian, I., & Spekkens, R. W. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4821 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Random Quantum Circuits are Approximate 2-designs
Harrow, A. W., & Low, R. A. (2009) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/s00220-009-0873-6 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“[21] in that they consider nearest-neighbour interactions and we do not, our techniques and results could be readily extended to cover the case they consider.”
BackgroundInfluentialInformation scrambling in quantum circuits
Mi, X., Roushan, P., Quintana, C., Mandrà, S., Marshall, J., Neill, C., Arute, F., Arya, K., Atalaya, J., Babbush, R., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg5029 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Quantum computation vs. firewalls
Harlow, D., & Hayden, P. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep06(2013)085 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the dynamics of near-extremal black holes
Nayak, P., Shukla, A., Soni, R. M., Trivedi, S. P., & Vishal, V. (2018) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2018)048 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
The black hole information problem: past, present, and future
Marolf, D. (2017) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aa77cc · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Scrambling the spectral form factor: Unitarity constraints and exact results
del Campo, A., Molina-Vilaplana, J., & Sonner, J. (2017) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.95.126008 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Barren Plateaus Preclude Learning Scramblers
Holmes, Z., Arrasmith, A., Yan, B., Coles, P. J., Albrecht, A., & Sornborger, A. T. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.190501 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The Python’s Lunch: geometric obstructions to decoding Hawking radiation
Brown, A. R., Gharibyan, H., Penington, G., & Susskind, L. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2020)121 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Islands and Page curves for evaporating black holes in JT gravity
Hollowood, T. J., & Kumar, S. P. (2020) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep08(2020)094 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Bousso, R. (2013) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.124023 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Replica wormholes for an evaporating 2D black hole
Goto, K., Hartman, T., & Tajdini, A. (2021) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep04(2021)289 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“This time delay can be interpreted as the scrambling time in the thermal system with temperature T (t) and gives a nice geometric realization of the Hayden-Preskill protocol [1, 2, 55].”
Learning the Alpha-bits of black holes
Hayden, P., & Penington, G. (2019) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep12(2019)007 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationEntanglement Entropies of Equilibrated Pure States in Quantum Many-Body Systems and Gravity
Liu, H., & Vardhan, S. (2021) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.010344 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Unitarity and fuzzball complementarity: “Alice fuzzes but may not even know it!”
Avery, S. G., Chowdhury, B. D., & Puhm, A. (2013) · Journal of High Energy Physics · doi:10.1007/jhep09(2013)012 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Efficient decoding for the Hayden-Preskill protocol
Yoshida, B., & Kitaev, A. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.03363 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Holographic spacetime, black holes and quantum error correcting codes: a review
Kibe, T., Mandayam, P., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2022) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10382-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Hawking radiation correlations of evaporating black holes in JT gravity
Hollowood, T. J., Kumar, S. P., & Legramandi, A. (2020) · Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical · doi:10.1088/1751-8121/abbc51 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Measurements without probabilities in the final state proposal
Bousso, R., & Stanford, D. (2014) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.89.044038 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ghodrati, M. (2021) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.046004 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Conformal Cyclic Cosmology, gravitational entropy and quantum information
Eckstein, M. (2023) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-023-03070-2 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fault-tolerant quantum speedup from constant depth quantum circuits
Mezher, R., Ghalbouni, J., Dgheim, J., & Markham, D. (2020) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.2.033444 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Onset of Scrambling as a Dynamical Transition in Tunable-Range Quantum Circuits
Kuriyattil, S., Hashizume, T., Bentsen, G., & Daley, A. J. (2023) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.4.030325 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Associate Professor, U. O. W. S. O. M. D. O. R., & Shriki, J. E. (2024) · Diálogo · doi:10.51917/dialogo.2024.11.1.19
- Authors
- Hayden, P., & Preskill, J.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Journal of High Energy Physics
- Published
- 2007-09-26
- Volume
- 2007
- Issue
- 09
- Pages
- 120-120
- ISSN
- 1029-8479 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129872856
- Cited by
- 1,332
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 157 · 2024: 133 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 113 · 2021: 134 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of High Energy Physics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0456720)
- U.S. Department of Energy (FG0392ER40701)
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
- McGill University
- Canada Research Chairs
- Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies
- Mitacs
- Institut Périmètre de physique théorique
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Army Research Office (W911NF)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Keywords
- Hawking radiation, black hole complementarity, quantum error-correcting codes, quantum erasure channel, black hole evaporation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
