A systematic review of the clinical use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction
Abstract
Many developed countries are experiencing a rapidly "greying" population, and cognitive decline is common in the elderly. There is no cure for dementia, and pharmacotherapy options to treat cognitive dysfunction provide limited symptomatic improvements. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), a popular herb highly valued in Ayurvedic medicine, has often been used to aid memory and cognition. This systematic review thus aimed to evaluate the clinical evidence base and investigate the potential role of W. somnifera in managing cognitive dysfunction. Using the following keywords [withania somnifera OR indian ginseng OR Ashwagandha OR winter cherry] AND [brain OR cognit* OR mental OR dementia OR memory], a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and Clinicaltrials.gov databases found five clinical studies that met the study's eligibility criteria. Overall, there is some early clinical evidence, in the form of randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials, to support the cognitive benefits of W. somnifera supplementation. However, a rather heterogeneous study population was sampled, including older adults with mild cognitive impairment and adults with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder. In most instances, W. somnifera extract improved performance on cognitive tasks, executive function, attention, and reaction time. It also appears to be well tolerated, with good adherence and minimal side effects.
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W. somnifera extract ameliorated cognitive impairment and improved executive functions in adults with mild cognitive impairment.
“In a systematic review, Ng and colleagues mentioned that W. somnifera extract ameliorated cognitive impairment and improved executive functions in adults with mild cognitive impairment [169].”
From Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer’s Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment (2020) · cites this paper as [169]
Clinical data related to Withania somnifera use for cognitive impairment are limited.
“Nonetheless, although a vast amount of literature has reported the ameliorative therapeutic effects of W. somnifera, clinical data related to its use for cognitive impairment are limited [93].”
From The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotective Plants in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [93]
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Al-lbban, A. M. (2021) · World Journal of Environmental Biosciences · doi:10.51847/ky98tlod7l
Ernst, E. K. (2022) · Copernicus books · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10710-8_8
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Miroshnikov, A. B., Rybakova, P. D., & Antonov, A. G. (2024) · Medical alphabet · doi:10.33667/2078-5631-2024-16-83-87
Dutta, R., Holvoet, H., Marney, L. C., Cabey, K., Neff, C. J., Brandes, M. S., Zweig, J. A., Martinez, J., Choi, J., McClure, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2025.120905
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Van, C., & Brandt, N. (2026) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20260204-02
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- Authors
- Ng, Q. X., Loke, W., Foo, N. X., Tan, W. J., Chan, H. W., Lim, D. Y., & Yeo, W. S.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Mental Health (SG)
- MOH Holdings (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Ng, Qin Xiang
- Venue
- Phytotherapy Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-11-19
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 583-590
- ISSN
- 0951-418X (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1573
- OpenAlex
- W2990575641
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytotherapy Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacological Effects of Medicinal Plants
- Keywords
- Withania somnifera, cognitive impairment, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, Ayurveda, herbal supplementation, memory, executive function, attention, older adults, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, tolerability
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Dementia, Humans, Medicine, Ayurvedic, Memory, Plant Extracts, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Withania, Cognitive Dysfunction
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