Protective Role of Ashwagandha Leaf Extract and Its Component Withanone on Scopolamine-Induced Changes in the Brain and Brain-Derived Cells
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BACKGROUND: Scopolamine is a well-known cholinergic antagonist that causes amnesia in human and animal models. Scopolamine-induced amnesia in rodent models has been widely used to understand the molecular, biochemical, behavioral changes, and to delineate therapeutic targets of memory impairment. Although this has been linked to the decrease in central cholinergic neuronal activity following the blockade of muscarinic receptors, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanism(s) particularly the effect on neuroplasticity remains elusive. In the present study, we have investigated (i) the effects of scopolamine on the molecules involved in neuronal and glial plasticity both in vivo and in vitro and (ii) their recovery by alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves (i-Extract). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: As a drug model, scopolamine hydrobromide was administered intraperitoneally to mice and its effect on the brain function was determined by molecular analyses. The results showed that the scopolamine caused downregulation of the expression of BDNF and GFAP in dose and time dependent manner, and these effects were markedly attenuated in response to i-Extract treatment. Similar to our observations in animal model system, we found that the scopolamine induced cytotoxicity in IMR32 neuronal and C6 glioma cells. It was associated with downregulation of neuronal cell markers NF-H, MAP2, PSD-95, GAP-43 and glial cell marker GFAP and with upregulation of DNA damage--γH2AX and oxidative stress--ROS markers. Furthermore, these molecules showed recovery when cells were treated with i-Extract or its purified component, withanone. CONCLUSION: Our study suggested that besides cholinergic blockade, scopolamine-induced memory loss may be associated with oxidative stress and Ashwagandha i-Extract, and withanone may serve as potential preventive and therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders and hence warrant further molecular analyses.
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Alcoholic extract of the Withania leaf and its component withanone was neuroprotective against scopalmine induced changes in the brain.
“Alcoholic extract of the Withania leaf and its component withanone was neuroprotective against scopalmine induced changes in the brain [162].”
From Indian Medicinal Herbs and Formulations for Alzheimer’s Disease, from Traditional Knowledge to Scientific Assessment (2020) · cites this paper as [162]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Konar, A., Shah, N., Singh, R., Saxena, N., Kaul, S. C., Wadhwa, R., & Thakur, M. K.
- Affiliations
- Banaras Hindu University (IN)
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Wadhwa, Renu
- Thakur, Mahendra K.
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-11-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e27265
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3214041
- OpenAlex
- W1972643467
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 23.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Indian Council of Medical Research
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Honjo International Scholarship Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- scopolamine, scopolamine-induced amnesia, withanone, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, neuroplasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial fibrillary acidic protein, cholinergic blockade, memory impairment, neurodegenerative diseases, neuroinflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Cell Line, DNA Damage, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Plant Extracts, Scopolamine, Triterpenes, Oxidative Stress, Plant Leaves, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Withania, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Withanolides
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