Toll like receptors and viruses
Abstract
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are ‘pattern recognition proteins’ that discriminate between self and non‐self. They interact with products of infectious agents to activate cells of the innate immune system and also stimulate the adaptive immune system. Intracellular and extracellular TLRs recognise a wide range of viruses leading to the production of different cytokines. In this paper, we summarise the types of TLRs that recognise viruses, the cytokines produced, the specific cell types involved and the activation pathways that have been characterised. We also provide an overview of the viruses demonstrated to interact with TLRs. A greater understanding of relationships between viruses or viral products and TLRs should improve understanding of pathogenesis and lead to the development of new anti‐viral therapies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Respiratory viruses can cause widespread damage to the epithelium during replication.
“These can cause widespread damage to the epithelium during replication (66).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [66]
Influenza virus and RSV have important cytotoxic effects on the bronchial epithelium.
“Influenza virus and RSV have been shown to have important cytotoxic effects on the bronchial epithelium (66).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [66]
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- Authors
- Finberg, R. W., Wang, J. P., & Kurt‐Jones, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Finberg, Robert W.
- Venue
- Reviews in Medical Virology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-12-05
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-43
- ISSN
- 1052-9276 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1654
- OpenAlex
- W2067982460
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Reviews in Medical Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI064349, P01AI057784, AI051405, AI053542, AI064349, AI057784, R01AI051405, R01AI049309, AI049309, K08AI053542)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, viral recognition, innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, cytokine production, adaptive immune activation, antiviral therapy, viral pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Receptors, Virus, Species Specificity, Virulence, Virus Diseases, Viruses, Cytokines, Toll-Like Receptors
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