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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Pace, rhythm, and scope: process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation

Vermeulen, Freek, Barkema, Harry·2002·Strategic Management Journal

Abstract

Many potential benefits of foreign expansion have been identified in the literature, yet empirical support that multinational firms perform better than domestic firms is mixed. This paper takes a longitudinal perspective and argues that how much a firm benefits from having foreign subsidiaries depends on its process of internationalization. We argue that a firm's capacity to absorb expansion is subject to constraints: some expansion patterns increase profitability less than others, owing to diseconomies of time compression. We hypothesize that the speed of internationalization, the spread of the geographical and product markets entered, and the irregularity of the expansion pattern negatively moderate a firm's increase in profitability resulting from international expansion. Model estimations based on panel data raised strong support for these predictions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Metadata

Authors
Vermeulen, F., & Barkema, H.
Venue
Strategic Management Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-03-28
Volume
23
Issue
7
Pages
637-653
ISSN
  • 0143-2095 (ISSN-L)
  • 1097-0266
OpenAlex
W2101339103
Cited by
794
References
8
FWCI
70.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Pace, rhythm, and scope: process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/smj.243
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Vermeulen, F., & Barkema, H. (2002). Pace, rhythm, and scope: process dependence in building a profitable multinational corporation. Strategic Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.243

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.