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Cited by 373

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

In vitro Toxicity Testing of Nanoparticles in 3D Cell Culture

Lee, Jungwoo, Lilly, G. Daniel, Doty, R. Christopher, Podsiadlo, Paul, Kotov, Nicholas A.·2009·Small

Abstract

Common 2D cell cultures do not adequately represent the functions of 3D tissues that have extensive cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, as well as markedly different diffusion/transport conditions. Hence, testing cytotoxicity in 2D cultures may not accurately reflect the actual toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) and other nanostructures in the body. To obtain more adequate and detailed information about NP–tissue interactions, we here introduce a 3D‐spheroid‐culture‐based NP toxicology testing system. Hydrogel inverted colloidal crystal (ICC) scaffolds are used to create a physiologically relevant and standardized 3D liver tissue spheroid model for in vitro assay application. Toxicity of CdTe and Au NPs are tested in both 2D and 3D spheroid cultures. The results reveal that NP toxic effects are significantly reduced in the spheroid culture when compared to the 2D culture data. Tissue‐like morphology and phenotypic change are identified to be the major factors in diminishing toxicity. Acting as an intermediate stage bridging in vitro 2D and in vivo, our in vitro 3D cell‐culture model would extend current cellular level cytotoxicity to the tissue level, thereby improving the predictive power of in vitro NP toxicology.

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Metadata

Authors
Lee, J., Lilly, G. D., Doty, R. C., Podsiadlo, P., & Kotov, N. A.
Venue
Small
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2009-05-07
Volume
5
Issue
10
Pages
1213-1221
ISSN
  • 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
  • 1613-6829
OpenAlex
W2105022733
Cited by
373
References
52
FWCI
7.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: In vitro Toxicity Testing of Nanoparticles in 3D Cell Culture. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/smll.200801788
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Lee, J., Lilly, G. D., Doty, R. C., Podsiadlo, P., & Kotov, N. A. (2009). In vitro Toxicity Testing of Nanoparticles in 3D Cell Culture. Small. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200801788

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.