Thienothiophene‐Benzopyran Derivative and AQ4N‐Assembled Liposomes for Near‐Infrared II Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Phototherapy, Chemotherapy, and Immune Activation
Open accessAbstract
Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), has attracted wide attention in tumor treatment. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the heat shock proteins produced by tumor cells significantly reduce their efficacy. Developing effective phototherapy agents that have high reactive oxygen species generation efficiency and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) while simultaneously utilizing the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is of great importance. Here, a thienothiophene‐benzopyran derivative, BTPIC4F‐C10 is designed and synthesized, with near‐infrared (NIR) absorption and fluorescence. Then the lipid nanoparticles (LipBFCA NPs) which encapsulated BTPIC4F‐C10 in a phospholipid bilayer together with hypoxia‐activated prodrug banoxanthrone (AQ4N) are constructed for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided synergistic PDT/PTT/chemotherapy and immune activation. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, LipBFCA NPs is a high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 20.2% and PCE of 78.8%. With ultra‐high photon energy utilization efficiency of 99%, LipBFCA NPs is an excellent phototherapy effect. The hypoxic environment caused by phototherapy can further activate AQ4N to transform into chemically toxic AQ4 radicals to kill tumor cells. Moreover, phototherapy can induce immunogenic cell death, release tumor‐associated antigens, and activate immune responses. This work provides a new way for the clinical application of fluorescence imaging in guiding tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Cyano derivatives such as malononitrile are essential electron acceptors for designing NIR-II fluorescent probes.
“Cyano derivatives, such as malononitrile, are essential electron acceptors for designing NIR-II fluorescent probes”
From Organic small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for tumor phototheranostics (2026) · cites this paper as [190]
In Results and Discussion (page not provided), the paper describes a malononitrile-containing chromophore as a strong electron-withdrawing component of its fluorescent molecule. This supports its use as an electron acceptor in this design, but the paper does not establish that cyano derivatives are essential for NIR-II fluorescent probes generally. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tang, Y., Pan, T., Pang, E., Zhao, S., Shen, X., Tan, Q., Zhu, P., He, D., Wang, B., Song, X., & Lan, M.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- He, Dan
- Lan, Minhuan
- Venue
- Small
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-11-20
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e2407680-e2407680
- ISSN
- 1613-6810 (ISSN-L)
- 1613-6829
- OpenAlex
- W4404602339
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 1.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Small (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (62375289, 62175262, 52272056)
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1207600)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Keywords
- AQ4N, liposomes, NIR-II fluorescence imaging, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, photothermal conversion efficiency, singlet oxygen generation, hypoxic tumor microenvironment, hypoxia-activated prodrug, near-infrared absorption
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Benzopyrans, Humans, Infrared Rays, Liposomes, Photochemotherapy, Phototherapy, Thiophenes, Xanthones, Cell Line, Tumor, Mice, Nanoparticles, Optical Imaging
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