The Importance of l-Phenylalanine Transport and Its Autocrine Turnover to l-Tyrosine for Melanogenesis in Human Epidermal Melanocytes
Abstract
A comparative study of (14)C-labeled l-phenylalanine and (3)H-labeled L-tyrosine uptake in cultures of human melanocytes (n = 8) and keratinocytes (n = 2) identified a significantly more rapid active transport for L-phenylalanine in melanocytes, whereas the slower uptake of L-tyrosine followed a concentration-dependent gradient, confirming facilitated diffusion rather than active transport. In addition, a significantly more efficient autocrine turnover of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine via intracellular phenylalanine hydroxylase was demonstrated in melanocytes. The incorporation of the newly synthesized radiolabeled L-tyrosine was directly followed into the end product melanin. The presence of L-phenylalanine in the culture medium produced 40% more melanin compared to an equivalent concentration of L-tyrosine alone. The transport of extracellular L-phenylalanine and its intracellular metabolism to L-tyrosine via intracellular phenylalanine hydroxylase are coupled to calcium uptake/efflux, whereas L-tyrosine uptake is calcium independent. Taken together, our results identified for the first time the importance of autocrine calcium-dependent active l-phenylalanine uptake/turnover in melanocytes as a major pathway for melanogenesis.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ca2+ is a co-factor for phenylalanine hydroxylase.
“Ca 2ϩ is also a co-factor for phenylalanine hydroxylase (45); the latter has been suggested to protect the redox balance and prevent DNA damage (46).”
From SLC24A5 encodes a trans-Golgi network protein with potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchange activity that regulates human epidermal melanogenesis (2008) · cites this paper as [45]
Cites
Dermatology in General Medicine.
(1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-923_2 · Cited by 3,806 · see citing works
Nagatsu, T., Levitt, M., & Udenfriend, S. (1964) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)93832-9 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
A new spectrophotometric assay for protein in cell extracts
Kalb, V. F., & Bernlohr, R. W. (1977) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(77)90173-7 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Wille, J. J., Pittelkow, M. R., Shipley, G. D., & Scott, R. E. (1984) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041210106 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Regulation of Melanin Biosynthesis in the Human Epidermis by Tetrahydrobiopterin
Schallreuter, K. U., Wood, J. M., Pittelkow, M. R., Gütlich, M., Lemke, K. R., Rödl, W., Swanson, N. N., Hitzemann, K., & Ziegler, I. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8128228 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citationDermatology in General Medicine
Hitch, J. M. (1971) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1971.20.994 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Regulation of tyrosinase in human melanocytes grown in culture.
Halaban, R., Pomerantz, S. H., Marshall, S., Lambert, D. T., & Lerner, A. B. (1983) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.97.2.480 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Hunt, G., Todd, C., Cresswell, J. E., & Thody, A. J. (1994) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.107.1.205 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Defective tetrahydrobiopterin and catecholamine biosynthesis in the depigmentation disorder vitiligo
Schallereuter, K. U., Wood, J. M., Ziegler, I., Lemke, K. R., Pittelkow, M. R., Lindsey, N. J., & Gütlich, M. (1994) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/0925-4439(94)90027-2 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationSerum‐free culture of normal human melanocytes: Growth kinetics and growth factor requirements
Pittelkow, M. R., & Shipley, G. D. (1989) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041400323 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Epidermal Adrenergic Signal Transduction as Part of the Neuronal Network in the Human Epidermis
Schallreuter, K. U. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · doi:10.1038/jidsymp.1997.9 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationDavis, M. D., & Kaufman, S. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)81832-4 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
In VivoEvidence for Compromised Phenylalanine Metabolism in Vitiligo
Schallreuter, K. U., Zschiesche, M., Moore, J., Panske, A., Hibberts, N. A., Herrmann, F. H., Metelmann, H. R., & Sawatzki, J. (1998) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.8107 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMelanosomal Tyrosine Transport in Normal and Pink‐eyed Dilution Murine Melanocytes
Gahl, W. A., Potterf, B., Durham‐Pierre, D., Brilliant, M. H., & Hearing, V. J. (1995) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1995.tb00668.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Pteridines in the Control of Pigmentation
Schallreuter, K. U., Schulz-Douglas, V., Bünz, A., Beazley, W. D., & Körner, C. (1997) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276418 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationPotterf, S. B., Müller, J., Bernardini, I. M., Tietze, F., Kobayashi, T., Hearing, V. J., & Gahl, W. A. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Studies on the Transport of l-Tyrosine into an Adrenergic Clone of Mouse Neuroblastoma
Richelson, E. (1974) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42242-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Tyrosine Transport into Melanosomes Is Increased Following Stimulation of Melanocyte Differentiation
Potterf, S. B., & Hearing, V. J. (1998) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9019 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Perturbed Epidermal Pterin Metabolism in Hermansky–Pudlak Syndrome
Schallreuter, K. U., Beazley, W. D., Hibberts, N. A., Swanson, N. N., & Pittelkow, M. R. (1998) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00304.x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of calcium in MSH stimulated melanosome dispersion
Lucas, A. M., Thody, A. J., & Shuster, S. (1987) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(87)90120-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation
Slominski, A., Tobin, D. J., Shibahara, S., & Wortsman, J. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2003 · Cited by 2,015 · see citing works
Neuroendocrinology of the Skin1
Slominski, A., & Wortsman, J. (2000) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.21.5.0410 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
L‐tyrosine and L‐dihydroxyphenylalanine as hormone‐like regulators of melanocyte functions
Slominski, A. T., Zmijewski, M. A., & Pawelek, J. M. (2011) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00898.x · Cited by 449 · see citing works
The melanogenesis and mechanisms of skin‐lightening agents – existing and new approaches
Gillbro, J. M., & Olsson, M. J. (2011) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00616.x · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Hong, L., & Simon, J. D. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp071439h · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Regulation of melanogenesis – controversies and new concepts
Schallreuter, K. U., Kothari, S., Chavan, B., & Spencer, J. D. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00675.x · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Self-citationGrando, S. A., Pittelkow, M. R., & Schallreuter, K. U. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700151 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationMorphological skin colour changes in teleosts
Leclercq, E., Taylor, J. F., & Migaud, H. (2009) · Fish and Fisheries · doi:10.1111/j.1467-2979.2009.00346.x · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Melanocyte Function and Its Control by Melanocortin Peptides
Tsatmali, M., Ancāns, J., & Thody, A. J. (2002) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/002215540205000201 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Wood, J. M., Decker, H., Hartmann, H., Chavan, B., Rokos, H., Spencer, J. D., Hasse, S., Thornton, M. J., Shalbaf, M., Paus, R., et al. (2009) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.08-125435 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Self-citationPaus, R., Schallreuter, K. U., Bahadoran, P., Picardo, M., Slominski, A. T., Elassiuty, Y. E., Kemp, E. H., Giachino, C., Liu, J. B., Luiten, R. M., et al. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00666_1.x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationCellular and developmental aspects of androgenetic alopecia
Jahoda, C. A. B. (1998) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00666.x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Ginger, R. S., Askew, S. E., Ogborne, R. M., Wilson, S., Ferdinando, D., Dadd, T., Smith, A. M., Kazi, S., Szerencsei, R. T., Winkfein, R. J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m707521200 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The biology of human hair greying
O’Sullivan, J. D. B., Nicu, C., Picard, M. A., Chéret, J., Bedogni, B., Tobin, D. J., & Paus, R. (2020) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12648 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The metabolism of melanin synthesis—From melanocytes to melanoma
Snyman, M., Walsdorf, R. E., Wix, S., & Gill, J. G. (2024) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.13165 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Slominski, A. T., Plonka, P. M., Pisarchik, A. V., Smart, J. L., Tolle, V., Wortsman, J., & Low, M. J. (2004) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-0733 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Hoogduijn, M. J., Cemeli, E., Ross, K., Anderson, D. C., Thody, A. J., & Wood, J. M. (2003) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.11.007 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationBush, W. D., & Simon, J. D. (2007) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2007.00362.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Thioredoxin reductase — its role in epidermal redox status
Schallreuter, K. U., & Wood, J. M. (2001) · Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology · doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00235-4 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationCholesterol regulates melanogenesis in human epidermal melanocytes and melanoma cells
Schallreuter, K. U., Hasse, S., Rokos, H., Chavan, B., Shalbaf, M., Spencer, J. D., & Wood, J. M. (2009) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00850.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationSchallreuter, K. U., Gibbons, N. C. J., Zothner, C., Elloof, M. M. A., & Wood, J. M. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.218 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationBeta Adrenergic Receptors in Keratinocytes
Sivamani, R. K., Lam, S. T., & Isseroff, R. R. (2007) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2007.06.012 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Stanisz, H., Stark, A., Kilch, T., Schwarz, E. C., Müller, F. M., Peinelt, C., Hoth, M., Niemeyer, B. A., VOGT, T. M., & Bogeski, I. (2012) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2011.478 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Marles, L. K., Peters, E. M. J., Tobin, D. J., Hibberts, N. A., & Schallreuter, K. U. (2003) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.120108.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin phototype: a new perspective
Maresca, V., Flori, E., & Picardo, M. (2015) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12365 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Schallreuter, K. U., Wazir, U., Kothari, S., Gibbons, N. C. J., Moore, J., & Wood, J. M. (2004) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.082 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of tyrosinase by tetrahydropteridines and H2O2
Wood, J. M., Chavan, B., Hafeez, I., & Schallreuter, K. U. (2004) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.185 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationDecreased phenylalanine uptake and turnover in patients with vitiligo
Schallreuter, K. U., Chavan, B., Rokos, H., Hibberts, N. A., Panske, A., & Wood, J. M. (2005) · Molecular Genetics and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2005.07.023 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, H., & Lee, S.-G. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.03.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Advances in Melanocyte Basic Science Research
Schallreuter, K. U. (2007) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2007.04.010 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationAnderson, P. J., Rogers, Q. R., & Morris, J. G. (2002) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/132.7.2037 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Melanin has a Role in Ca2+ Homeostasis in Human Melanocytes
Hoogduijn, M. J., Smit, N. P. M., van der Laarse, A., Nieuwpoort, A. F. V., Wood, J. M., & Thody, A. J. (2003) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00018.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationRokos, H., Moore, J., Hasse, S., Gillbro, J. M., Wood, J. M., & Schallreuter, K. U. (2004) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.1114 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationVertebrate melanophores as potential model for drug discovery and development: A review
Salim, S., & Ali, S. A. (2011) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.2478/s11658-010-0044-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Efficacy of a novel hydroquinone-free skin-brightening cream in patients with melasma
Gold, M. H., & Biron, J. (2011) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00573.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Advances in the Application and Impact of MicroRNAs as Therapies for Skin Disease
Lawrence, P., & Ceccoli, J. (2017) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-017-0243-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
BmPAH Catalyzes the Initial Melanin Biosynthetic Step in Bombyx mori
Chen, P., Li, L., Wang, J., Li, H., Li, Y., Lv, Y., & Lu, C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071984 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
In situ and in vitro evidence for DCoH/HNF-1α transcription of tyrosinase in human skin melanocytes
Schallreuter, K. U., Kothari, S., Hasse, S., Kauser, S., Lindsey, N. J., Gibbons, N. C. J., Hibberts, N. A., & Wood, J. M. (2003) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)03076-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationHasse, S., Chernyavsky, A. I., Grando, S. A., & Paus, R. (2007) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.056 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Fernandes, B., Cavaco-Paulo, A. M., & Matamá, T. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12020290 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Efficacy of hydroquinone‐free skin‐lightening cream for photoaging
Dreher, F., Draelos, Z. D., Gold, M. H., Goldman, M. P., Fabi, S. G., & Lupo, M. P. (2013) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.12025 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Schallreuter, K. U. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-27377-8_18 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationSkin colour: A window into human phenotypic evolution and environmental adaptation
Liu, J., Bitsue, H. K., & Yang, Z. (2024) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.17369 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The redox – biochemistry of human hair pigmentation
Schallreuter, K. U., Salem, M. M. A. E. L., Hasse, S., & Rokos, H. (2010) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/j.1755-148x.2010.00794.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationIvanova, K., Lenz, W., Malcharzyk, V., Drummer, C., Gerzer, R., Das, P. K., van den Wijngaard, R. M., & Klockenbring, T. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01255.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wood, J. M., & Schallreuter, K. U. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00754.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationIn Vitro Methods to Screen Materials for Anti-aging Effects
HOLTZ, R. W. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-8155-1584-5.50017-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chavan, B., Gillbro, J. M., Rokos, H., & Schallreuter, K. U. (2006) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700425 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, B., Peng, K., Che, J., Zhao, N., Jia, L., Zhao, D., Huang, Y., Liao, Y., He, X., Gong, X., et al. (2021) · Fish Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10695-020-00916-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ivanova, K., van den Wijngaard, R. M., Gerzer, R., Lamers, W. H., & Das, P. K. (2005) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00302.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ze, L., Xu, P., Wu, J., Jin, L., Anjum, A. A., & Li, G. (2022) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104457 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Role of GTP-CHI links PAH and TH in melanin synthesis in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Chen, P., Wang, J., Li, H., Li, Y., Chen, P., Li, T., Chen, X., Xiao, J., & Zhang, L. (2015) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.043 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
From the bench to the bedside: proton pump inhibitors can worsen vitiligo
Schallreuter, K. U., & Rokos, H. (2007) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07870.x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationCho, H. J., Kim, O., Lee, Y., Kang, L., Nguyen, C. N., Ishihara, A., & Kim, H. (2017) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.158 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Schallreuter, K. U. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00666_2.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctionally conserved effects of rapamycin exposure on zebrafish
Sucularlı, C., Shehwana, H., Kuscu, C., Dungul, D. C., Özdağ, H., & Konu, Ö. (2016) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5059 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
EXPRESSION AND POST‐TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF HUMAN 4‐HYDROXY‐PHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE
Aarenstrup, L., Falch, A., Jakobsen, K. K., Neve, S., Henriksen, L. Ø., Tommerup, N., Leffers, H. C. B., & Kristiansen, K. (2002) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1006/cbir.2002.0896 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pterin‐Dependent Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA is not Expressed in Human Melanocytes or Melanoma Cells
Kågedal, B., Kullman, A., Lenner, L., Träger, C., Kogner, P., & Farnebäck, M. (2004) · Pigment Cell Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2004.00153.x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ghodousi, A., Huang, X., Cheng, Z. Z., & Skibo, E. B. (2003) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm0302750 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Triple molecular target approach to selective melanoma cytotoxicity
Skibo, E. B., Jamil, A., Austin, B., Hansen, D. A., & Ghodousi, A. (2010) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b920260a · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Luo, L., Zeng, H., Hu, Y., Jiang, L., Fu, C., Huang, J., Chen, J., & Zeng, Q. (2024) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/exd.15165 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Wen, B., Micah, A. D., Gao, J., & Chen, Z. (2022) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-022-04921-w · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Effect of the Novel Synthetic Hexapeptide (SFKLRY-NH2)
Lee, S. J., Park, S. G., Chung, H., Choi, J. S., Kim, D. D., & Sung, J.-H. (2009) · International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics · doi:10.1007/s10989-009-9189-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Brief Perspective on the Biology of Pigmentation in Freshwater Ornamental Fish
Barman, C., Mukherjee, R., & Saikia, S. K. (2024) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s2079086424600280 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Transcriptomic analysis at the first instar larval stage of nonmolting Bombyx mori mutant (a42)
Sun, X., Zhang, K., Qin, S., Zhang, G., & Li, M. (2020) · Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1002/arch.21663 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pigmentation after Solar Radiation
Calzavara‐Pinton, P., & Ortel, B. J. (2007) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781847557957-00065 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Downregulation of Tyrosinase Activity in Human Melanocyte Cell Cultures by Yohimbine
Schallreuter, K. U., & Wood, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00031-1.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationNieuwoudt, M. K., Jarrett, P., Matthews, H., Locke, M., Bonesi, M., Burnett, B., Holtkamp, H. U., Aguergaray, C., Mautner, I., Minnee, T., et al. (2023) · JID Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100238 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Weakened tanning ability is an important mechanism for evolutionary skin lightening in East Asians
Pu, Y., Pu, S., Chen, Y., Kong, Q., Liu, X., Zhao, Q., Xu, K., Li, M., Li, M., Xu, X., et al. (2024) · Journal of genetics and genomics/Journal of Genetics and Genomics · doi:10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.001 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chang, Y., Lee, D., Nam, J., & Kim, W. K. (2015) · Journal of Food Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/jfbc.12171 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Probing the Surface Calcium Binding Sites of Melanosomes Using Molecular Rulers
Glass, K. E., Rengifo, R. F., Porkka, F., & Simon, J. D. (2014) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp505384j · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Li, Z., Yu, Y., Cao, X., Wang, Y., Lu, J., Feng, Y., Jiang, Y., & Lu, Y. (2025) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-025-10329-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Transcript expression profiling of fibromelanosis-related genes in black-bone chickens
Zhang, X., Wang, H., Lou, L., Li, Q., Zhang, L., & Ge, Y. C. (2021) · British Poultry Science · doi:10.1080/00071668.2021.1966750 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
John Martin Wood (1938–2008) – Pioneering biochemist, educator and communicator
Tobin, D. J., Pittelkow, M. R., & Slominski, A. T. (2008) · Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00755.x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Schallreuter, K. U. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-99225-8_19 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationReactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Vitiligo
Schallreuter, K. U. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_106 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSucularlı, C. (2011) · Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Regulation and modulation of skin melanogenesis
Middelkamp-Hup, M., Bos, J., González, S., & Westerhof, W. (2008) · Expert Review of Dermatology · doi:10.1586/17469872.3.2.179
Photo (Chemo) Therapy and Vitiligo
(2015) · Journal of the Turkish Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.6003/jtad.1591r1
ORAI1 Ca 2 þ Channels Control Endothelin-1-Induced Mitogenesis and Melanogenesis in Primary Human
Stanisz, M., Stark, A., Kilch, T., Schwarz, E. C., Peinelt, C., Hoth, M., Niemeyer, B. A., VOGT, T. M., & Bogeski, I. (2012)
Role of Calcium in the Regulation of Skin Barrier Homeostasis
Tanojo, H., Chang, G., Guo, J., & Huang, X. (2009) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15273-17
Plasma metabolomics indicates potential biomarkers and metabolic pathways of melasmaPreprint
Zhang, X., Yi, C. H. E. N., Hedan, Y. A. N. G., Ding, H., Pingping, C. A. I., Ge, Y., ZHENG, H., Xiaojie, S. U. N., Yin, Y. A. N. G., Li, X.-N., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3015504/v1
Investigating the role of SLC24A5 in Xenopus laevis pigmentation development
Williams, R. M. (2011)
Phenylalanine as a biomarker of disease in animals: Current evidence and future perspectives
Mettam, J., Ghumman, N. Z., Liu, B., Annandale, H., & Gogoi-Tiwari, J. (2026) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106066
Anika, B., Tarkunde, A., Swarna, B. S., Nayak, U. Y., Prabhu, V. K., Rao, R. A., & Prasad, A. S. B. (2026) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.70159
- Authors
- Schallreuter, K. U., & Wood, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bradford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schallreuter, K.U.
- ORCID
- Wood, J.M.
- Venue
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-08
- Volume
- 262
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 423-428
- ISSN
- 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037745220
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Amino Acid Enzymes and Metabolism
- Keywords
- melanogenesis, human epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes, phenylalanine hydroxylase, facilitated diffusion, active transport
- MeSH terms
- Epidermal Cells, Biological Transport, Calcium, Cells, Cultured, Epidermis, Female, Homeostasis, Humans, Male, Melanins, Melanocytes, Phenylalanine, Phenylalanine Hydroxylase, Tyrosine, Autocrine Communication
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
