Cited by 902Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

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Intelligence and the Frontal Lobe: The Organization of Goal-Directed Behavior

Duncan, John, Emslie, Hazel, Williams, Phyllis, Johnson, Roger, Freer, Charles·1996·Cognitive Psychology

DOI 10.1006/cogp.1996.0008

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Abstract

Basic to the study of individual differences is the concept of 'general intelligence' or Spearman's g. In this article we suggest that g is largely a reflection of the control functions of the frontal lobe. A series of experiments investigates a phenomenon we call goal neglect: disregard of a task requirement event though it has been understood and remembered. Subjectively it is as though the neglected requirement "slips the subject's mind." Previously described in frontal patients, we show that goal neglect can also be seen in some members of the normal population. In line with conventional distinctions between controlled and automatic processing, eliciting conditions for goal neglect include novelty, weak error feedback, and multiple concurrent task requirements. Under these conditions neglect is linked closely to g and extremely common after frontal lesions. Following many other models, we suggest that behavior in any task is structured by a set of action constraints or requirements, derived in part from verbal instructions and specified at multiple levels of abstraction. A frontal process of constraint or requirement activation is fundamental to Spearman's g.

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Authors: Duncan, J., Emslie, H., Williams, P., Johnson, R., & Freer, C.
Affiliations: Addenbrooke's Hospital (GB)
Venue: Cognitive Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-06
Volume: 30
Issue: 3
Pages: 257-303
ISSN: 0010-0285 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/cogp.1996.0008
OpenAlex: W1989920002
Cited by: 902
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 54 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 38
FWCI: 6.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: general intelligence, frontal lobe, goal neglect, goal-directed behavior, frontal lobe lesions, task demands, error feedback, novelty, individual differences, action constraints
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Arousal, Attention, Brain Damage, Chronic, Brain Mapping, Concept Formation, Dichotic Listening Tests, Female, Frontal Lobe, Goals, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Mental Recall, Speech Perception

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Intelligence and the Frontal Lobe: The Organization of Goal-Directed Behavior

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