Evidence for a Global Categorical Representation of Humans by Young Infants
Abstract
The representation of pictorial exemplars of humans by young infants was examined. Experiments 1B and 2 demonstrated an asymmetry with respect to the exclusivity of the categorical representations formed by 3- and 4-month-olds for humans and non-human animal species. The categorical representation for humans included novel humans, horses, cats, and fish, but excluded cars; the categorical representation for horses included novel horses, but excluded humans, fish, and cars. Experiment 2 also showed that the categorical representation for humans included exemplar information, whereas the categorical representation for non-human animal species was based on summary information. The asymmetry in categorization of human versus non-human animal species did not extend to the presumed more basic process of discrimination of individual humans versus non-human animals (Experiment 3). The findings suggest that a broad categorical representation of humans may be a cognitive reference point (or region) for young infants.
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Research on cognitive development confirms that categorization, statistical learning, and prototype effects are not unique to speech.
“Research on cognitive development confirms the fact that categorization (83), statistical learning (84), and prototype effects (85) are not unique to speech.”
From A new view of language acquisition (2000) · cites this paper as [85]
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Self-citationKojima, K., Brown, E. C., Matsuzaki, N., & Asano, E. (2013) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.030 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Evaluations of pro-environmental behaviors by 7-month-old infants
Geraci, A., Franchin, L., & Benavides‐Varela, S. (2023) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101865 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The Importance of Long-term Memory in Infant Perceptual Categorization
Mermillod, M., French, R. M., Quinn, P. C., & Denis Mareschal, B. (2003) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly rationality in action perception and production? A theoretical exposition
Paulus, M., & Király, I. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2013.01.001 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Asymmetrical responding to male versus female other‐race categories in 9‐ to 12‐month‐old infants
Damon, F., Quinn, P. C., Méary, D., & Pascalis, O. (2022) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12582 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the Evidence for Prelinguistic Concepts
Gauker, C. (2005) · THEORIA An International Journal for Theory History and Foundations of Science · doi:10.1387/theoria.563 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Acquisition of Expertise as a Model for the Growth of Cognitive Structure
Quinn, P. C. (2009) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331059.003.0013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationFACING THE BODY: TOWARD A DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY OF BODY KNOWLEDGE
Müller, U., & Liebermann, D. P. (2004) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.0037-976x.2004.00293.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Role Classifiers Play in Selecting the Referent of a Word
Ma, W., Zhou, P., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2023) · Languages · doi:10.3390/languages8010084 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evaluations of pro-environmental behaviours in preschool age
Geraci, A., Franchin, L., & Commodari, E. (2024) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2024.2369511 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
People v. objects: a reply to Rakison and Cicchino
Kuhlmeier, V. A., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2004) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2004.03.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A crosslinguistic perspective on semantic cognition
Majid, A., & Huettig, F. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08005967 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The development of modeling or the modeling of development?
Rakison, D. H., & Lupyan, G. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0800602x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Analogy and conceptual change in childhood
Opfer, J. E., & Doumas, L. A. A. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08005992 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mareschal, D., & Westermann, G. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195331059.003.0011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The role of bodies in infants' categorical representations of humans and non‐human animals
Axelsson, E. L., Moore, D. G., Murphy, E. M., Goodwin, J. E., & Clifford, B. R. (2018) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.2112 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ragó, A., Varga, Z., & Szabó, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194770 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Distinct Inhibitory Control Mechanisms Underlie Selective Social Inferences
Sobel, D. M., Kamper, D. G., Taylor, Y., & Song, J. (2024) · Journal of Cognition and Development · doi:10.1080/15248372.2024.2404861 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A DUAL-MEMORY MODEL OF CATEGORIZATION IN INFANCY
Westermann, G., & Denis Mareschal, B. (2008) · doi:10.1142/9789812797322_0011 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nelson, K. L. (2004) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00370.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Metonymy in Mind, Language, and Communication
Xi-tao, F. (2012) · Figshare · doi:10.26686/wgtn.16993543.v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Semantic cognition or data mining?
Borsboom, D., & Visser, I. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08005906 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yermolayeva, Y. (2013) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6720197
On the semantics of infant categorization and why infants perceive horses as humans
Quinn, P. C. (2008) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x08006018
Self-citationA vizuális kategorizáció fejlődésének idegrendszeri alapjai
Rokszin, A. A., & Csifcsák, G. (2015) · Iskolakultúra · doi:10.17543/iskkult.2015.2.17
CONNECTIONIST HYPOTHESIS ABOUT AN ONTOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUALLY-DRIVEN CORTICAL ANISOTROPY
Mermillod, M., Guyader, N., Alleysson, D., Musca, S. C., Barra, J., & Marendaz, C. (2008) · doi:10.1142/9789812797322_0018
Body Representation and Spatial Abilities of Preterm Low Birth Weight Preschool Children.
Lábadi, B., Györko, E., & Beke, A. M. (2015)
Grundlegende kognitive Entwicklungsprozesse: Objektwahrnehmung
Kavšek, M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-53968-8_1
Perceptual Categorization in Pigeons
Lazareva, O. F. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108564113.033
Computational Journalism Analysis on Young Adults' Body Images and Attitudes Toward Plastic Surgery
Kerdvibulvech, C., & Wanishwattana, P. (2021) · International Journal of e-Collaboration · doi:10.4018/ijec.2021100107
(2004) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2004.00291.x
Numerical and Quantitative Abilities
Kaufman, A. B., Call, J., & Kaufman, J. C. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108564113.029
(2004) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.0037-976x.2004.00291.x
Grundlegende kognitive Entwicklungsprozesse: Objektwahrnehmung
Kavšek, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54061-5_1-2
Goswami, U. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470996652.refs
Grundlegende kognitive Entwicklungsprozesse: Objektwahrnehmung
Kavšek, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54061-5_1-1
Axelsson, E. L., Britton, T., Gulhati, G., Kelly, C., Copeland, H. F., McNamara, L., Covell, H. W., & Quinn, A. A. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15081021
- Authors
- Quinn, P. C., & Eimas, P. D.
- Affiliations
- Washington and Jefferson College (US)
- Brown University (US)
- ORCID
- Quinn, Paul C.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 151-174
- ISSN
- 0022-0965 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061858308
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Child Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd028606-03)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 28606)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- categorical representation, infant categorization, cognitive reference points, young infants, species discrimination
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Cognition, Concept Formation, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Infant Behavior
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