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Revitalization through Self-Regulation: The Effects of Autonomous and Controlled Motivation on Happiness and Vitality
Open accessAbstract
Three studies examined the effects of experimentally induced motivational orientations on the subtly different positive affects of vitality and happiness. We hypothesized, based on self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1991; Ryan & Frederick, 1997), that doing well when autonomously motivated would enhance subjective vitality relative to doing well when controlled in one's motivation, but that doing well under the two motivational states would not have differential effects on happiness. Two experiments in which motivation was induced by instructions to participants about task engagement and a third experiment using an attributional methodology yielded the hypothesized pattern of effects. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of differentiating positive outcomes in terms of their underlying motives and of giving increased attention to understanding restorative environments.
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“Thus, we suggest that LC enhances the energy and positive mood available for entrepreneurs to bring to the work domain, which are essential resources for increasing work vitality (cf.Nix et al., 1999;Porath et al., 2012;Ren et al., 2022).”
From Work hard or play hard: the effect of leisure crafting on opportunity recognition and venture performance (2023) · cites this paper as Nix et al., 1999
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nix, G. A., Ryan, R. M., Manly, J. B., & Deci, E. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 266-284
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052748684
- Cited by
- 749
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, self-determination theory, happiness, vitality, positive affect, task engagement, restorative environments, self-regulation
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