Early redistribution of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is a general feature of apoptosis regardless of the initiating stimulus: inhibition by overexpression of Bcl-2 and Abl.
Open accessAbstract
A critical event during programmed cell death (PCD) appears to be the acquisition of plasma membrane (PM) changes that allows phagocytes to recognize and engulf these cells before they rupture. The majority of PCD seen in higher organisms exhibits strikingly similar morphological features, and this form of PCD has been termed apoptosis. The nature of the PM changes that occur on apoptotic cells remains poorly defined. In this study, we have used a phosphatidylserine (PS)-binding protein (annexin V) as a specific probe to detect redistribution of this phospholipid, which is normally confined to the inner PM leaflet, during apoptosis. Here we show that PS externalization is an early and widespread event during apoptosis of a variety of murine and human cell types, regardless of the initiating stimulus, and precedes several other events normally associated with this mode of cell death. We also report that, under conditions in which the morphological features of apoptosis were prevented (macromolecular synthesis inhibition, overexpression of Bcl-2 or Abl), the appearance of PS on the external leaflet of the PM was similarly prevented. These data are compatible with the notion that activation of an inside-outside PS translocase is an early and widespread event during apoptosis.
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The molecule originally described as a phosphatidylserine receptor on phagocytes is now known to be a nuclear factor unlikely to directly recognize phosphatidylserine on dying cells.
“Although a receptor for PS on phagocytes was described, this molecule is now known to be a nuclear factor 120 unlikely to directly recognize PS on dying cells.”
From Immunogenic and tolerogenic cell death (2009) · cites this paper as [120]
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- Authors
- Martin, S. J., Reutelingsperger, C. P., McGahon, A. J., Rader, J. A., van Schie, R. C., LaFace, D. M., & Green, D. R.
- Affiliations
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology (US)
- Division of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, California 92037, USA.
- Venue
- The Journal of experimental medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1995-11-01
- Volume
- 182
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1545-1556
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2192182
- OpenAlex
- W2166291746
- Cited by
- 2,824
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 65 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 101 · 2012: 104
- FWCI
- 34.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Cancer Society
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-52735)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Keywords
- apoptosis, phosphatidylserine exposure, plasma membrane, annexin V, Bcl-2, ABL, programmed cell death, phagocytosis, macromolecular synthesis inhibition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carrier Proteins, Cell Cycle, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Membrane Lipids, Membrane Proteins, Models, Biological, Neutrophils, Phagocytosis, Phosphatidylserines, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Thymus Gland, Transfection, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Biomarkers, Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl, Apoptosis, Annexin A5, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, fas Receptor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1, Phospholipid Transfer Proteins, Mice, Fas Ligand Protein
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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