Fighting COVID-19 with Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
The development of vaccines for the treatment of COVID-19 is paving the way for new hope. Despite this, the risk of the virus mutating into a vaccine-resistant variant still persists. As a result, the demand of efficacious drugs to treat COVID-19 is still pertinent. To this end, scientists continue to identify and repurpose marketed drugs for this new disease. Many of these drugs are currently undergoing clinical trials and, so far, only one has been officially approved by FDA. Drug repurposing is a much faster route to the clinic than standard drug development of novel molecules, nevertheless in a pandemic this process is still not fast enough to halt the spread of the virus. Artificial intelligence has already played a large part in hastening the drug discovery process, not only by facilitating the selection of potential drug candidates but also in monitoring the pandemic and enabling faster diagnosis of patients. In this chapter, we focus on the impact and challenges that artificial intelligence has demonstrated thus far with respect to drug repurposing of therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
ML algorithms have been used to analyze large datasets of potential compounds and identify those with the most potential for treating COVID-19.
“ML algorithms have been used to analyze large datasets of potential compounds and identify those with the most potential for treating the virus.”
From The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
In some cases, AI-powered approaches have identified promising drug candidates for COVID-19 in a fraction of the time that traditional methods would take.
“In some cases, these AI-powered approaches have been able to identify promising drug candidates in a fraction of the time that it would take when using traditional methods [26,27,28,29,30,31].”
From The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
Cites
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897 · see citing works
Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report
Beigel, J. H., Tomashek, K. M., Dodd, L. E., Mehta, A. K., Zingman, B. S., Kalil, A. C., Hohmann, E., Chu, H. Y., Luetkemeyer, A., Kline, S., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2007764 · Cited by 7,267 · see citing works
Drug repurposing: progress, challenges and recommendations
Pushpakom, S., Iorio, F., Eyers, P. A., Escott, K. J., Hopper, S., Wells, A., Doig, A., Guilliams, T., Latimer, J., McNamee, C., et al. (2019) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd.2018.168 · Cited by 4,718 · see citing works
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing
Gordon, D. E., Jang, G. M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., White, K. M., O’Meara, M. J., Rezelj, V. V., Guo, J. Z., Swaney, D. L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2286-9 · Cited by 4,405 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2
Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Niu, S., Song, C., Zhang, Z., Lu, G., Qiao, C., Hu, Y., Yuen, K.-Y., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.045 · Cited by 2,892 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Sanders, J. M., Monogue, M. L., Jodlowski, T. Z., & Cutrell, J. B. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6019 · Cited by 2,357 · see citing works
Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2
Zhou, Y., Hou, Y., Shen, J., Huang, Y., Martin, W., & Cheng, F. (2020) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-020-0153-3 · Cited by 1,588 · see citing works
Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease
Richardson, P., Griffin, I., Tucker, C., Smith, D., Oechsle, O., Phelan, A., Rawling, M., Savory, E., & Stebbing, J. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30304-4 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Concepts of Artificial Intelligence for Computer-Assisted Drug Discovery
Yang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Byrne, R., Schneider, G., & Yang, S. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00728 · Cited by 1,045 · see citing works
Beck, B. R., Shin, B., Choi, Y., Park, S., & Kang, K. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.03.025 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Kawase, M., Shirato, K., van der Hoek, L., Taguchi, F., & Matsuyama, S. (2012) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00094-12 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Wang, J. (2020) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00179 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Matsuyama, S., Li, X., Takeda, M., Kawaguchi, Y., Inoue, J., & Matsuda, Z. (2016) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.01043-16 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 Using Deep Learning
Zeng, X., Song, X. H., Ma, T., Pan, X., Zhou, Y., Hou, Y., Zhang, Z., Li, K., Karypis, G., & Cheng, F. (2020) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00316 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Mirabelli, C., Wotring, J. W., Zhang, C. J., McCarty, S. M., Fursmidt, R. M., Pretto, C. D., Qiao, Y., Zhang, Y., Frum, T., Kadambi, N. S., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2105815118 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
How artificial intelligence and machine learning can help healthcare systems respond to COVID-19
van der Schaar, M., Alaa, A. M., Floto, R. A., Gimson, A. E., Scholtes, S., Wood, A., McKinney, E. F., Jarrett, D. P., Lió, P., & Ercole, A. (2020) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-020-05928-x · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Challenges for Drug Repurposing in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era
Sultana, J., Crisafulli, S., Gabbay, F., Lynn, E., Shakir, S., & Trifirò, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.588654 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Considerations for development and use of AI in response to COVID-19
Sipior, J. C. (2020) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102170 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Network medicine framework for identifying drug-repurposing opportunities for COVID-19
Morselli Gysi, D., do Valle, Í., Zitnik, M., Ameli, A., Gan, X., Varol, O., Ghiassian, S. D., Patten, J. J., Davey, R. A., Loscalzo, J., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2025581118 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Mirabelli, C., Wotring, J. W., Zhang, C. J., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.05.27.117184 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Current Status of COVID-19 Therapies and Drug Repositioning Applications
Altay, O., Mohammadi, E., Lam, S., Turkez, H., Boren, J., Nielsen, J., Uhlen, M., & Mardinoglu, A. (2020) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101303 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Meyer, J. G., Liu, S., Miller, I. J., Coon, J. J., & Gitter, A. (2019) · Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00236 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence, drug repurposing and peer review
Levin, J. M., Oprea, T. I., Davidovich, S., Clozel, T., Overington, J. P., Vanhaelen, Q., Cantor, C. R., Bischof, E., & Zhavoronkov, A. (2020) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-020-0686-x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Abdulla, A., Wang, B., Feng, Q., Kee, T. W., Blasiak, A., Ong, Y. H., Hooi, L., Parekh, F. K., Soriano, R., Olinger, G. G., et al. (2020) · Advanced Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/adtp.202000034 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Singh, N., Decroly, É., Khatib, A., & Villoutreix, B. O. (2020) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105495 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rensi, S., Altman, R. B., Liu, T., Lo, Y., McInnes, G., Derry, A., & Keys, A. M. (2020) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.12009582.v1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Drug repurposing approach to combating coronavirus: Potential drugs and drug targets
Xu, J., Xue, Y., Zhou, R., Shi, P., Li, H., & Zhou, J. (2020) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21763 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Structural analysis of experimental drugs binding to the SARS-CoV-2 target TMPRSS2
Huggins, D. J. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107710 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Brain-expressed imprinted genes and adult behaviour: the example of Nesp and Grb10
Dent, C. L., & Isles, A. R. (2013) · Mammalian Genome · doi:10.1007/s00335-013-9472-0 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Drug repurposing and the prior art patents of competitors
Sternitzke, C. (2014) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2014.09.016 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Briese, V., Fanghänel, J., Briese, A., & Gasow, H. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Can drug repurposing strategies be the solution to the COVID-19 crisis?
Bellera, C., Llanos, M., Gantner, M., Rodríguez, S., Gavernet, L., Comini, M., & Talevi, A. (2020) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2021.1863943 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
[Active and passive immunization against hepatitis B virus infection].
Çolak, H. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of AI in drug discovery: challenges, opportunities, and strategies
Blanco-González, A., Cabezón, A., Seco-González, A., Conde-Torres, D., Antelo-Riveiro, P., Piñeiro, Á., & Garcia-Fandino, R. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16060891 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
- Authors
- Monteleone, S., Kellici, T. F., Southey, M., Bodkin, M. J., & Heifetz, A.
- Affiliations
- Evotec (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Monteleone, Stefania
- Venue
- Methods in molecular biology
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 2021-11-04
- Volume
- 2390
- Pages
- 103-112
- ISSN
- 1064-3745 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-6029
- OpenAlex
- W3209243574
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 9.34
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Methods in molecular biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, drug repurposing, artificial intelligence, drug discovery, antiviral agents, clinical trials, SARS-CoV-2
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Animals, Antiviral Agents, Artificial Intelligence, Humans, Structure-Activity Relationship, Molecular Structure, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Drug Discovery, Drug Repositioning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
