The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Ecdysone: Structures and Functions
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Most of these effects are likely due to the presence of Pes [224].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [224]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, PEs are found in algae, fungi, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“However, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) is the most common and widely used [4,5,6,7].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“More than 500 different PEs are found in over 100 terrestrial plants.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“PEs are found in more than 100 terrestrial fern, gymnosperm, and angiosperm plant families [4,7,18,23,24].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Steroid ring structure shows variation, which is not significant; substantial variations are found in the number, positioning, and orientation of hydroxyl groups and conjugating groups.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“In some cases, the oxo group may be located at different carbon positions, such as C-2, C-12, C-17, C-20, or C-22, along with the required C-6 position.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“In spinach, lathosterol (C27-sterol) is the precursor of PEs, whereas in Drosophila melanogaster, C27-sterol, i.e., cholesterol, synthesizes ECs [4,18,19,23,24,142].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Several structural modifications are present in different plant families, probably due to different uses of metabolites [4,8,15,32].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, the biosynthesis of ECs stops in the source. This results in the formation of EC phosphates; this is called the feedback mechanism [4,13].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“For instance, in spinach (Spinacia oleracea), ECs are produced in older leaves (source) and then transported to younger leaves (sink); the removal of the sink or younger leaves leads to the accumulation of ECs in older leaves.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“ECs are stable compounds that have slow turnover; thus, ECs accumulate in different organs of the plant and translocate and are distributed from one organ to another [4].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“In Taxus shoots, EC biosynthesis alters with age [4].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“PEs have several beneficial effects on mammals: they play roles in anabolic, adaptogenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-arthritic activity. They also act as hepatoprotectors and immunomodulators [3,8,12,15,155].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–160 of 160
Veskina, N. A., & Одиноков, В. Н. (2012) · Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1134/s1070428012090011 · Cited by 13
“Toledano [2] very briefly (in a tabulated form) presented syntheses of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, ponasterone A, rubrosterone, poststerone, shidasterone, makisterone A, cyasterone, and their derivatives.”
BackgroundBi, Y., Guo, P., Liu, L., Chen, L., & Zhang, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1188461 · Cited by 12
“Furthermore, sterols are building blocks for bioactive secondary metabolites and hormones and play a role in signaling and defense pathways (Galea and Brown, 2009; Santner et al., 2009; Smagghe, 2009; Auger et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSedanza, M. G., Alshaweesh, J., Gao, Y.-L., et al. (2022) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d14070559 · Cited by 11
Fine, J. D., & Corby‐Harris, V. (2021) · Apidologie · doi:10.1007/s13592-021-00845-x · Cited by 10
“are regulated by JH and ecdysteroids (Weir 1970; Nijhout 1998; Smagghe 2009; Riddiford 2012).”
BackgroundDinan, L. N., Lafont, F., & Lafont, R. (2023) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants12040776 · Cited by 9
Endocrine regulation of reproductive behaviors in insects: a comprehensive review
Force, E., & Debernard, S. (2025) · Current Opinion in Insect Science · doi:10.1016/j.cois.2025.101360 · Cited by 10
Sláma, K. (2019) · European Journal of Entomology · doi:10.14411/eje.2019.003 · Cited by 10
“Ignoring the hypervitaminosis features recorded in vivo can lead to misleading results related to in vitro investigations of its effects on vitamin D1 receptors (Gilbert & Warren, 2005; Smagghe, 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMcDonald, S. I., Beachum, A. N., Hinnant, T. D., Blake, A. J., Bynum, T., Hickman, E., Barnes, J., Churchill, K. L., Roberts, T. S., Zangwill, D. E., et al. (2019) · Gene Expression Patterns · doi:10.1016/j.gep.2019.119074 · Cited by 10
From Extrapolation to Precision Chemical Hazard Assessment: The Ecdysone Receptor Case Study
Ruivo, R., Sousa, J., Neuparth, T., Geffard, O., Chaumot, A., Castro, L. F. C., Esposti, D. D., & Santos, M. M. (2021) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics10010006 · Cited by 10
Alternative sumoylation sites in the Drosophila nuclear receptor Usp
Bielska, K., Seliga, J., Wieczorek, E., Kędracka–Krok, S., Niedenthal, R. K., & Ożyhar, A. (2012) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.05.011 · Cited by 10
Mathiron, A. G. E., Dixneuf, C., Mondy, N., et al. (2020) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104819 · Cited by 10
Hamaidia, K., & Soltani, N. (2020) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1093/jme/tjaa260 · Cited by 10
“Ovarian ecdysteroids may indeed fulfill different functions as maternal supply of hormone to the eggs, triggering of vitellogenesis, negative feedback control of gonadotropins, and triggering of pheromone biosynthesis (Smagghe 2009, Dhara et al.”
BackgroundGarcia, C. F., Oviedo‐Diego, M. A., Laino, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102841 · Cited by 10
Schauer, S., Callender, J., Henrich, V. C., & Spindler‐Barth, M. (2011) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.01.013 · Cited by 9
Candido-Silva, J. A., Machado, M. C. R., Hartfelder, K., et al. (2015) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.01.014 · Cited by 9
Steroid-photosensitizer conjugates: Syntheses and applications
Osati, S., Ali, H., Guérin, B., et al. (2017) · Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines · doi:10.1142/s108842461730004x · Cited by 9
Uliana, J. V. C., Brancini, G. T. P., Hombría, J. C., et al. (2018) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/j.mod.2018.08.002 · Cited by 9
Mu, C., Song, W., Li, R., Chen, Y., Hao, G., & Wang, C. (2014) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.01.006 · Cited by 9
20-hydroxyecdysone accumulation and regulation in Ajuga lobata D. Don suspension culture
Qian, J., Yang, Y., Li, X., & Chi, D. (2015) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2015.1116921 · Cited by 8
Kamlar, M., Rothova, O., Salajkova, S., Tarkowska, D., Drasar, P., Kocova, M., Harmatha, J., Hola, D., Kohout, L., & Macek, T. (2015) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.024 · Cited by 9
The metabolic responses of aquatic animal exposed to POPs
Zhou, H., Chen, C., & Diao, X. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818196-6.00005-4 · Cited by 10
Lommel, J. V., Lenaerts, C., Delgouffe, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Insect Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104368 · Cited by 8
Ecdysteroid Chemistry and Biochemistry ☆
Lafont, R., Dauphin‐Villemant, C., Warren, J. T., & Rees, H. H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809633-8.04026-7 · Cited by 8
Cell-Based Screening Systems for Insecticides
Smagghe, G. J., & Swevers, L. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4497-4_6 · Cited by 8
Self-citationFunctional characterization of the sciarid BhC4-1 core promoter in transgenic Drosophila
Garcia, A. C., Gitaí, D. L. G., Humann, F. C., et al. (2011) · BMC Molecular Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2199-12-32 · Cited by 8
Савченко, Р. Г., Kostyleva, S. A., Качала, В. В., Khalilov, L. M., & Одиноков, В. Н. (2014) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2014.06.019 · Cited by 7
Yang, Q., Li, M., Li, B., et al. (2022) · Insect Molecular Biology · doi:10.1111/imb.12825 · Cited by 7
“Also, ecdysteroid is essential for the reproductive success of the female and regulates the development of the ovaries in B. mori, S. gregaria, and Colaphellus bowringi (Guo et al., 2021; Lenaerts et al., 2019; Smagghe, 2009; Swevers & Iatrou, 2003).”
BackgroundLiew, G. M., Foulk, M. S., & Gerbi, S. A. (2013) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1007/s10577-013-9360-1 · Cited by 7
Zhang, Z., Yao, D., Yang, P., et al. (2020) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2020.103662 · Cited by 7
A steroid hormone agonist reduces female fitness in insecticide-resistant Anopheles populations
Brown, F., Paton, D. G., Catteruccia, F., Ranson, H., & Ingham, V. A. (2020) · Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103372 · Cited by 7
Nakagawa, Y., & Sonobe, H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801028-0.00238-5 · Cited by 7
Lye, P. Y., Shiraki, C., Fukushima, Y., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108853 · Cited by 6
Zotti, M. J., Christiaens, O., Rougé, P., Grützmacher, A. D., Zimmer, P. D., & Smagghe, G. J. (2012) · Insect Molecular Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2583.2012.01154.x · Cited by 6
“The moulting process in arthropods is regulated by steroid hormone molecules acting via NR proteins (Nakagawa & Henrich, 2009; Smagghe, 2009; Fahrbach et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPandey, A. K., Sharma, V., & Ram, K. R. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19789-5 · Cited by 6
Tatun, N., KUMDI, P., Tungjitwitayakul, J., & Sakurai, S. (2018) · European Journal of Entomology · doi:10.14411/eje.2018.042 · Cited by 6
“In the last larval instar, high levels of ecdysone initiate the transition to pupal development (Smagghe, 2009).”
BackgroundJunping, 梁. L., Jian, 李. L., Jitao, 李. L., et al. (2013) · Acta Ecologica Sinica · doi:10.5846/stxb201204070485 · Cited by 6
Janeczko, A., Oklestkova, J., Tarkowská, D., & Drygaś, B. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22062855 · Cited by 4
Yao, C., Sun, Y., Zhang, Z., et al. (2022) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101028 · Cited by 4
Menzel, F., Kramp, K., Amorim, D. D. S., et al. (2024) · Insects · doi:10.3390/insects15020118 · Cited by 4
Candido-Silva, J. A., & Monesi, N. (2010) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500029 · Cited by 4
Fāng, Y., Choi, J. Y., Lee, S. H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology · doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.011 · Cited by 4
Techniques for Measuring Endocrine Disruption in Insects
Weltje, L. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118355961.ch4 · Cited by 4
THE PROTEOMIC RESPONSE OF THE CARCINUS MAENAS Y-ORGAN OVER THE COURSE OF THE MOLT CYCLE
Hamer, M. S. (2015) · doi:10.15368/theses.2015.6 · Cited by 3
“the inner membrane of the mitochondria and are much better understood (Smagghe, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSmall organic ligands for the ecdysone receptor – agrochemicals, gene switches, and beyond
Winkler, D. A., & Hill, R. J. (2025) · Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106585 · Cited by 3
Trait Control (Gene Switch Technology)
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Ayanath, A., & Raghavan, S. D. A. (2021) · Nauplius · doi:10.1590/2358-2936e2021037 · Cited by 1
Insect nuclear receptors: From orphans to ligands
Liu, W., Chen, H., & King‐Jones, K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95424-2.00008-x · Cited by 1
Cui, J., Liu, Y., Lv, X., Gao, Y., Zhang, L., Xie, D., Cheng, Y., & Jiang, X. (2025) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.70404 · Cited by 4
“20,21 (2) Diapause maintenance: Persistently low 20E concentrations were sustained, potentially mitigating costs of metabolic depression by maintaining basal physiological activity.”
Nakagawa, Y., & Sonobe, H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801028-0.00098-2 · Cited by 1
Crocker, K. C. (2018) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Müller, W. E. G., & Frings, S. (2009) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00462-9_11
The mechanisms of reproductive trade-offs
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Non-covalent interactions in natural products
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Self-citationPharmacokinetic and Safety Profiles of Phytoecdysteroids in Mammals
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Convergent biosynthesis of insect molting hormones in plantsPreprint
Park, J. J., Orozco, J. A., Tiong, G. J. L., Kim, C. Y., & Nett, R. S. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.07.743582
Ecdysteroids as defensive chemicals
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Metadata
- Authors
- Smagghe, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Guy J. Smagghe
- ORCID
- Guy J. Smagghe
- Venue
- Springer eBooks
- Publisher
- Springer Netherlands
- Published
- 2009
- OpenAlex
- W365344764
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 14.63
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, insect molting, ecdysteroids, structure-function relationship
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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