Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants
Open accessAbstract
Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.
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Turkesterone is found in some endemic plants, such as Ajuga turkestanica, Rhaponticum carthamoides, Triticum aestivum, and Vitex scabra.
“It is found in some endemic plants, such as A. turkestanica, R. carthamoides, Triticum aestivum L., Vitex scabra, etc. [13,69,216,217,218].”
From Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition (2024) · cites this paper as [217]
The Abstract and Discussion report detecting turkesterone in Triticum aestivum. The Introduction names Ajuga turkestanica and Rhaponticum carthamoides as sources of ecdysteroids generally, but does not establish that they contain turkesterone; our copy does not identify Vitex scabra as a source. Thus this paper supports the wheat example, not the full list. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Ecdysterone and Turkesterone—Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition
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- Authors
- Janeczko, A., Oklestkova, J., Tarkowská, D., & Drygaś, B.
- Affiliations
- Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology (PL)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany (CZ)
- University of Rzeszów (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Janeczko, Anna
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-03-11
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2855
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7999220
- OpenAlex
- W3134204238
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund (no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000738, no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- ecdysteroids, fenarimol, wheat, winter wheat, ecdysteroid biosynthesis, turkesterone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, cytochrome P450 inhibition, temperature effects, plant age, plant hormones
- MeSH terms
- Biological Products, Chromatography, Liquid, Fungicides, Industrial, Pyrimidines, Temperature, Triticum, Molecular Structure, Plant Leaves, Ecdysteroids, Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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