Autophagy in the Retina: A Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Bcl-2 Antiapoptotic Proteins Inhibit Beclin 1-Dependent Autophagy

Pattingre, S., Tassa, A., Qu, X., Garuti, R., Liang, X. H., Mizushima, N., Packer, M., Schneider, M. D., & Levine, B. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.07.002 · Cited by 3,536

Inhibition of mTOR induces autophagy and reduces toxicity of polyglutamine expansions in fly and mouse models of Huntington disease

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The selective autophagy substrate p62 activates the stress responsive transcription factor Nrf2 through inactivation of Keap1

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Lysosomes: fusion and function

Luzio, J. P., Pryor, P. R., & Bright, N. A. (2007) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2217 · Cited by 1,807

Autophagy: molecular machinery for self-eating

Yorimitsu, T., & Klionsky, D. J. (2005) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401765 · Cited by 1,572

A Role for Ubiquitin in Selective Autophagy

Kirkin, V., McEwan, D. G., Novak, I., & Đikić, I. (2009) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.04.026 · Cited by 1,268

The Atg8 and Atg12 ubiquitin‐like conjugation systems in macroautophagy

Geng, J., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/embor.2008.163 · Cited by 825

Studies on the mechanisms of autophagy: formation of the autophagic vacuole.

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Amino acids mediate mTOR/raptor signaling through activation of class 3 phosphatidylinositol 3OH-kinase

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Autophagy Inhibition Compromises Degradation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Substrates

Korolchuk, V. I., Mansilla, A., Menzies, F. M., & Rubinsztein, D. C. (2009) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.021 · Cited by 610

Cytoskeleton in abiotic stress signaling

Quezada-Rodríguez, E. H., Arthikala, M., & Nanjareddy, K. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90568-8.00016-x · Cited by 8

Autophagy, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Retinal Diseases

Kaden, T. R., & Li, W. (2013) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/apo.0b013e31829d3e33 · Cited by 8

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and rhodopsin accumulation in an organoid model of Retinitis Pigmentosa carrying a RHO pathogenic variant

Navinés‐Ferrer, A., & Pomares, E. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04199-4 · Cited by 7

Potential Impact of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Methylation on Vision Function and the Pathological Processes of Ocular Diseases: New Discoveries and Future Perspectives

Li, X., Ma, B., Liao, M., Li, L., Zhang, X., Du, M., Yu, J., He, S., & Yan, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2707207 · Cited by 7

A small molecule compound that inhibits blue light-induced retinal damage via activation of autophagy

Shin, C. Y., Lee, S., Jin, H. L., Fei, X., Kang, S. W., Seo, S., & Jeong, K. W. (2023) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115534 · Cited by 7

Over-expression of CNTF in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protects RPE cells from short-wavelength, blue-light injury

Lin, W., & Xu, G. (2018) · In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal · doi:10.1007/s11626-018-0243-9 · Cited by 7

Intravitreal Injection of ZYAN1 Restored Autophagy and Alleviated Oxidative Stress in Degenerating Retina via the HIF-1α/BNIP3 Pathway

Hao, X.-N., Zhao, N. R., Huang, J., Li, S., Wei, D., Pu, N., Peng, G.-H., & Tao, Y. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12111914 · Cited by 6

The role of glucagon-like peptide-1/GLP-1R and autophagy in diabetic cardiovascular disease

Guo, Z. (2024) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1007/s43440-024-00609-1 · Cited by 7

The Role of Autophagy in Chemical Proteasome Inhibition Model of Retinal Degeneration

Gunawan, M., Low, C., Neo, K., Yeo, S. W., Ho, C. E. H., Barathi, V. A., Chan, A. S.-Y., Sharif, N. A., & Kageyama, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22147271 · Cited by 6

Artemisinin and Its Derivatives: Promising Therapeutic Agents for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Liu, C., Liu, X., & Duan, J. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18040535 · Cited by 6

Ablation of Htra1 leads to sub-RPE deposits and photoreceptor abnormalities

Biswas, P., Woodard, D. R., Hollingsworth, T., Khan, N. W., Lazaro, D., Berry, A. M., Dagar, M., Pan, Y., Garland, D. L., Shaw, P. X., et al. (2025) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.178827 · Cited by 5

Age-related deficits in retinal autophagy following intraocular pressure elevation in autophagy reporter mouse model

Afiat, B. C., Zhao, D. Y., Wong, V. H. Y., Perera, N. D., Turner, B. J., Nguyen, C. T. O., & Bui, B. V. (2023) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.009 · Cited by 5

CB2 receptor as a potential target in age-related diseases

Kauppinen, A., Nevalainen, T., Hytti, M., Salminen, A., & Parkkari, T. (2014) · Cited by 4

Programmed Cell Death and Autophagy in an in vitro Model of Spontaneous Neuroretinal Degeneration

Puertas‐Neyra, K., Galindo‐Cabello, N., Hernández‐Rodríguez, L., González‐Pérez, F., Rodríguez‐Cabello, J. C., González‐Sarmiento, R., Jimeno, J. C. P., Usategui‐Martín, R., & Fernandez‐Bueno, I. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2022.812487 · Cited by 4

Biomacromolecular Profile in Human Primary Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells—A Study of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy by Synchrotron-Based FTIR Microspectroscopy

Josifovska, N., Andjelić, S., Lytvynchuk, L. M., Lumi, X., Dučić, T., & Petrovski, G. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020300 · Cited by 4

Loss of Pigment Epithelial Cells Is Prevented by Autophagy

Kwon, Y. H., Kim, Y. A., & Yoo, Y. H. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805420-8.00003-2 · Cited by 4

Cell Death, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Retinal Injury

Boulton, M. E., Mitter, S. K., Rao, H. V., & Dunn, W. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00024-2 · Cited by 3

2-Phenyl-APB-144-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration and Its Underlying Mechanisms

Hirai, S.-I., Kurashima, H., Nakamura, D., Komatsu, T., Yasuda, Y., Habashita-Obata, S., Ichikawa, S., Katsuta, O., Iwawaki, T., & Kohno, K. (2015) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2014.0076 · Cited by 2

Inflammasome activation in response to aberrations of cellular homeostasis in epithelial cells from human cornea and retina

Korhonen, E. (2024) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.16646 · Cited by 2

RNA dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration: the role of U1 snRNP complex and neurodegenerative diseases

Bottós, J. M., Soares, E. S., Zimmer, C. G. M., Sinatti, V. V. C., Leal, C. B. Q. S., & Sallum, J. M. F. (2025) · International Journal of Retina and Vitreous · doi:10.1186/s40942-025-00736-8 · Cited by 1

Neuronal death and accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen granules within retinal pigment epithelium under the influence of mTOR and autophagy

Ferrucci, M., Lazzeri, G., Pinelli, R., Biagioni, F., Bumah, V. V., Giambelluca, M. A., Busceti, C. L., Lenzi, P., & Fornai, F. (2026) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-026-03172-6 · Cited by 1

Myocardial Adaptation and Autophagy

Das, D. K., & Vasanthi, H. R. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5203-4_22 · Cited by 1

Dosage considerations in the combined use of ocular-specific vitamins and nutrients and multivitamin products: A systemic review and analysis.

Vellos, K., Highland, J., Yousefzai, R., Stoddard, A., Johnson, E., & Gaynes, B. (2019) · Journal of the American Pharmacists Association · doi:10.1016/j.japh.2019.01.013

Autophagy and Exocytosis of Lipofuscin Into the Basolateral Extracellular Space of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium From Fetal Development to Adolescence

Shahhossein-Dastjerdi, S., Koina, M. E., Fatseas, G., Arfuso, F., & Chan‐Ling, T. (2024) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.65.4.32 · Cited by 1

Effect of Chemical Injury on Autophagy in Canine Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts

Routh, B. L., Tripathi, R., Giuliano, E. A., Lankau, B. R., Sinha, P. R., & Mohan, R. R. (2025) · Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/jop.2024.0211 · Cited by 1

Autophagy in Ocular Pathophysiology

Mitter, S. K., & Boulton, M. E. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/64667 · Cited by 1

CIB2 regulates autophagy via Rheb-mTORC1 signaling axisPreprint

Sethna, S., Bernstein, S. L., Jian, X., Riazuddin, S. A., Randazzo, P. A., Riazuddin, S., & Ahmed, Z. M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.18.302265 · Cited by 1

MERTK-mediated Signaling in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Insights into the Mechanism of RPE Phagocytosis.

Shelby, S. J. (2012) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)

Autophagy, or not to be: The delicate balance of cellular self-digestion in neurons and neurodegeneration

Lassen, A. D. (2013) · ResearchWorks at the University of Washington (University of Washington)

Editorial: Novel Therapeutic Target and Drug Development in Neurovascular Retinal Diseases

Shao, Z., Wang, Z., Lo, A., & Fu, Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.657684

Oxidative stress-related damage of retinal pigment epithelial cells : possible protective properties of autophagocytosed iron-binding proteins

Karlsson, M. (2015) · Linköping University Electronic Press eBooks · doi:10.3384/diss.diva-111558

Additional file 1 of Retina-to-brain spreading of α-synuclein after intravitreal injection of preformed fibrils

Pérez-Acuña, D., Rhee, K. H., Shin, S. J., Ahn, J., Lee, J.-Y., & Lee, S.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26590688

Altérations lipidiques et homéostatiques dans les tissus nerveux associées au vieillissement et à des dérégulations métaboliques : implication du microbiote intestinal et de l’autophagie

Albouery, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3e190ceczf22dz44b0z936cz6c92f9f5309f

The role of autophagy in ocular health: mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic strategies

Huang, M., Lin, Y., (25820), H. Z., Yuan, R., Zeng, L., Li, S., Yang, Q., Gong, M., Xiao, R., Jia, P., et al. (2026) · Biology Direct · doi:10.1186/s13062-026-00821-4

Non-Erythropoietic EPO (EPO-R76E) Protects RPE Cells from Ferroptosis by Modulating the Labile Iron Pool and NRF2-GPX4 Axis

Gopi, S., Prodanoff, G. T., Passaglia, C. L., Kindy, M. S., Sutariya, V., Halade, G. V., Lewin, A. S., & Biswal, M. R. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15050647

nnOPN3 mediates retinal-dependent lipofuscin accumulation and its loss sensitizes keratinocytes to blue-light-induced proteomic remodelingPreprint

Dentz, M. C. V., Junqueira, H. C., López, M. A. H., dos Santos, G. L., Fuchs, J., Tsantarlis, K., Sihlbom, C., de Assis, L. V. M., & Baptista, M. S. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.09.09.750435

Autophagy and heterophagy dysregulation leads to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and development of age-related macular degeneration

Kaarniranta, K., Sinha, D., Blasiak, J., Kauppinen, A., Veréb, Z., Salminen, A., Boulton, M. E., & Petrovski, G. (2013) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.24546 · Cited by 326

DNA damage response and autophagy in the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial cells—Implications for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Hyttinen, J. M. T., Błasiak, J., Niittykoski, M., Kinnunen, K., Kauppinen, A., Salminen, A., & Kaarniranta, K. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.03.006 · Cited by 73

Dysfunctional autophagy in RPE, a contributing factor in age-related macular degeneration

Golestaneh, N., Chu, Y., Xiao, Y.-Y., Stoleru, G. L., & Theos, A. C. (2017) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.453 · Cited by 357

Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Regulatory Mechanism of Oxidative Stress

Zhang, Z.-Y., Bao, X.-L., Cong, Y.-Y., Fan, B., & Li, G. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/2896036 · Cited by 83

Autophagy and mitophagy in age-related macular degeneration: Custodians of retinal longevity

Noorbergen, I. J., Jiménez-García, C., Jiménez‐Loygorri, J. I., & Boya, P. (2026) · Geromedicine · doi:10.70401/geromedicine.2026.0012