Cited by 357Autophagy in Disease and TherapyRetinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Development and Disorders

Dysfunctional autophagy in RPE, a contributing factor in age-related macular degeneration

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Golestaneh, Nady, Chu, Yi, Xiao, Yang-Yu, Stoleru, Gianna L, Theos, Alexander C·2017·Cell Death & Disease

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease and a major cause of blindness in the developed world. Owing to its complexity and the lack of an adequate human model that recapitulates key aspects of the disease, the molecular mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here we show that cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from AMD donors (AMD RPE) are functionally impaired and exhibit distinct phenotypes compared with RPE cultured from normal donors (normal RPE). Accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen granules, disintegration of mitochondria, and an increase in autophagosomes were observed in AMD RPE cultures. Compared with normal RPE, AMD RPE exhibit increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, produce higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress conditions, and showed reduced mitochondrial activity. Measurement of the ratio of LC3-II/ LC3-I, revealed impaired autophagy in AMD RPE as compared with normal RPE. Autophagic flux was also reduced in AMD RPE as compared with normal RPE, as shown by inability of AMD RPE to downregulate p62 levels during starvation. Impaired autophagic pathways were further shown by analyzing late autophagic vesicles; immunostaining with lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) antibody revealed enlarged and annular LAMP-1-positive organelles in AMD RPE as opposed to smaller discrete puncta observed in normal RPE. Our study provides insights into AMD cellular and molecular mechanisms, proposes dysfunctional autophagy as an underlying mechanism contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease, and opens up new avenues for development of novel treatment strategies.

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Crossref · 10.1038/cddis.2016.453

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  • RPE cultures established from AMD donors exhibited several features of disrupted autophagy, including decreased LC3B-II expression, swollen autolysosomes, and increased p62.

    “RPE cultures established from AMD donors exhibited several features of disrupted autophagy, including decreased LC3B-II expression, swollen autolysosomes, and increased p62 (Golestaneh et al., 2017).”

    From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Golestaneh et al., 2017

  • AMD donor RPE cultures also accumulated lipid droplets, glycogen granules, and fragmented mitochondria, indicating a global breakdown of cellular clearance pathways.

    “AMD donor RPE cultures also accumulated lipid droplets, glycogen granules, and fragmented mitochondria, indicating a global breakdown of cellular clearance pathways.”

    From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Golestaneh et al., 2017

  • Lysosomes in cultured human RPE from AMD donors were found to be enlarged and annular; whether this abnormal lysosome morphology is associated with decreased hydrolytic function is not yet known.

    “Lysosomes in cultured human RPE from AMD donors were found to be enlarged and annular; however, whether this abnormal lysosome morphology is associated with decreased hydrolytic function is not yet known (Golestaneh et al., 2017).”

    From The cell biology of the retinal pigment epithelium (2020) · cites this paper as Golestaneh et al., 2017

  • Lipid oxidation is a critical factor in the development of AMD.

    “Lipid oxidation is a critical factor in the development of AMD (Balaratnasingam et al., 2017; Golestaneh et al., 2017; Handa et al., 2017; Xu et al., 2017).”
  • LC3II/LC3I ratios were lower in RPE from AMD patients, with decreased autophagic flux and mitochondrial accumulation.

    “LC3II/LC3I ratios were lower in RPE from AMD patients with decreased autophagic flux and mitochondrial accumulation (suggestive of altered mitophagy) (Golestaneh et al., 2017)”

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Authors
Golestaneh, N., Chu, Y., Xiao, Y.-Y., Stoleru, G. L., & Theos, A. C.
Affiliations
  • Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
  • Georgetown University (US)
Corresponding author
Golestaneh, Nady
Venue
Cell Death & Disease
Published
2017-01-05
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
e2537-e2537
ISSN
2041-4889 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2569601267
Cited by
357
References
83
Citations by year
2026: 35 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 7
FWCI
24.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Death and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • BrightFocus Foundation
  • Children's National Hospital
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
Keywords
age-related macular degeneration, retinal pigment epithelium, autophagy dysfunction, autophagic flux, lipid droplets, glycogen granules, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, p62, LAMP1, lysosomes, AMD pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Autophagosomes, Cells, Cultured, Glycogen, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Mitochondria, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Lysosomal Membrane Proteins, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Lipid Droplets

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