Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 396

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Diagnosis and Definition

Rutter, Michael·1978·Autism

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/978-1-4684-0787-7_1

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 7 references

Research works printed but not linked: 120

  1. Aarkrog, T. Organic factors in infantile and borderline psychoses: a retrospective study of 46 cases subject to pneumoencephalography. Danish Medical Bulletin, 1968,15, 283–288.
  2. Alpern, G. D. Measurement of “untestable” autistic children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,1967 72, 478–496. · DOI
  3. Alpern, G. D. & Kimberiin, C. C. Short intelligence test ranging from infancy levels through childhood levels for use with the retarded. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1970, 75, 65–71.
  4. Bakwin, H. Early infantile autism. Journal of Pediatrics, 1954,45, 492–497. · DOI
  5. Bartak, L. & Rutter, M. Educational treatment of autistic children. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment. London: Churchill- Livingstone, 1971. Pp. 258–280.
  6. Bartak, L., & Rutter, M. Use of personal pronouns by autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1974,4, 217–222. · DOI
  7. Bartak, L., & Rutter, M. Differences between mentally retarded and normally intelligent autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1976, 6, 109–120. · DOI · Paper page
  8. Bartak, L., Rutter, M., and Cox, A. A comparative study of infantile autism and specific developmental receptive language disorder. I. The children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1975,126, 127–145. · DOI · Paper page
  9. Bender, L. Childhood schizophrenia. Clinical study of one hundred schizophrenic children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1947,77, 40–56. · DOI · Paper page
  10. Bender, L. Treatment in early schizophrenia. Progressive Psychotherapy, 1960,5, 177–184.
  11. Bender, L. Alpha and omega of childhood schizophrenia. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 115–118. · DOI
  12. Bleuler, E. Dementia praecox oder gruppe der Schizophrenien. Deutiche, 1911. (Translated by J. Zinkin. New York: International University Press, 1950.)
  13. Boesen, U., & Aarkrog, T. Pneumo-encephalography of patients in a child psychiatric department. Danish Medical Bulletin, 1967, 14, 210–218.
  14. Bömberg, D., Szurek, S. A., & Etemad, J. G. A statistical study of a group of psychotic children. In S.A. Szurek & I. M. Berlin (Eds.), Clinical studies in childhood psychoses. London: Butterworth, 1973.
  15. Bosch, G,. Über primären autismus in kindesalter 1953. Edited by G. Bosch in Infantile autism. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970. · DOI
  16. Bosch, G. Infantile autism. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970. · DOI
  17. Boullin, D. J., Coleman, M. O’Brien, R. A., & Rimland, B. Laboratory prediction of infantile autism based on 5-hydroxyiryptamine efflux from blood platelets and their correlation with the Rimland E2 score. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971, 1, 63–71. · DOI
  18. Campbell, E. J. M. Basic science, science and medical education. Lancet, 1976,1, 134–136. · DOI
  19. Chess, S., Korn, S. J., & Fernandez, P. B. Psychiatric disorders of children with congenital rubella. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971.
  20. Churchill, D W., & Bryson, C. Q. Looking and approach behavior of psychotic and normal children as a function of adult attention and preoccupation. Comparative Psychiatry, 1972,13, 171–177. · DOI
  21. Clark, P., and Rutter, M. Compliance and resistance in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1911, 7, 33–48. · DOI
  22. Corbett, J., Harris, R., Taylor, E., & Trimble, M. Psychiatric aspects of the neurodegenerative disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1977,18, 211–220. · DOI
  23. Cowan, P. A., Hoddinott, B. A., & Wright, B. A. Compliance and resistance in the conditioning of autistic children: An explanatory study.Child Development, 1965, 36, 913- 923. · DOI
  24. Creak, M. Schizophrenia syndrome in childhood: Progress report of a working party. Cerebral Palsy Bulletin, 1961, 1, 501–504.
  25. Creak, E. M. Childhood psychosis: A review of 100 cases. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1963,109, 84–89. · DOI · Paper page
  26. Cunningham, M. A. A comparison of the language of psychotic and nonpsychotic children who are mentally retarded. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1968, 9, 229- 244. · DOI
  27. Darr, G. C., & Worden, F. G. Case report twenty-eight years after an infantile autistic disorder. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1951,27, 559–570. · DOI
  28. Davis, D. R., & Cashdan, A. Specific dyslexia. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1963, 33, 80–82. · DOI
  29. DeMyer, M. K., Alpern, G. D., Barton, S., DeMyer, W., Churchill, D. W., Hingtgen, J. M., Bryson, C. W., Pontius, W., & Kimberlin, C. Imitation in autistic, early schizophrenic and non-psychotic subnormal children, Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1972,2, 264–287. · DOI · Paper page
  30. DeMyer, M. K., Barton, S., Alpern, G.D., Kimberlin, C., Allen, J., Yang, E., & Steele, R. The measured intellingence of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1974,4, 42–60. · DOI
  31. Despert, J. L. Some considerations relating to the genesis of autistic behaviour in children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1951,21, 335–350. · DOI
  32. Douglas, V. I., & Sanders, F. A. A pilot study of Rimland’s diagnostic check list with autistic and mentally retarded children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1968, 9, 105–109. · DOI
  33. Eisenberg, L. The classification of the psychotic disorders in childhood. In L. D. Eron (Ed.), Classification of behaviour disorders. Chicago: Aldine, 1966.
  34. Eisenberg, L. The classification of childhood psychosis reconsidered. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1972,2, 338–342. · DOI
  35. Eisenberg, L., & Kanner, L. Early infantile autism 1943–55.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 1956,26, 556–566. · DOI · Paper page
  36. Gillies, S. M. Some abilities of psychotic children and subnormal controls. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 1965,9, 89–101.
  37. Gittelman, M., & Birch, H. G. Childhood schizophrenia: Intellect, neurologic status, perinatal risk, prognosis and family pathology. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1967, 77, 16–25. · DOI
  38. Goldfarb, W. Childhood schizophrenia. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1961.
  39. Goldfarb, W. Growth and change of schizophrenic children—A longitudinal study. Washington: Winston, 1974.
  40. Hauser, S. L., DeLong, G. R., & Rosman, N. P. Pneumographie findings in the infantile autism syndrome: A correlation with temporal lobe disease. Brain, 1975, 98, 667–688. · DOI · Paper page
  41. Heller, T. About dementia infantilis. Reprinted in J. G. Howells (Ed.), Modern perspectives in international child psychiatry. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1930.
  42. Hermelin, B., & O’Connor, N. Psychological experiments with autistic children. London: Pergamon, 1970.
  43. Hingtgen, J. N., & Bryson, C. O. Recent developments in the study of early childhood psychoses: Infantile autism, childhood schizophrenia and related disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 1972,5,. 8–53. · DOI
  44. Hingtgen, J. N., & Churchill, D. W. Identification of perceptual limitations in mute autistic children.Archives of General Psychiatry, 1969,21, 68–71. · DOI
  45. Hingtgen, J. N., & Churchill, D. W. Differential effects of behaviour modification in four mute autistic boys. In D. W. Churchill, C. D. Alpern, & M. DeMyer (Eds.), Infantile autism. Springfield, ill: Charles C Thomas, 1971.
  46. Hutt, C., & Ounsted, C. The biological significance of gaze aversion with particular reference to the syndrome of infantile autism. Behavioural Science, 1966, 11, 346–356. · DOI · Paper page
  47. Hutt, C., & Vaizey, M. J. Differential effects of group density on social behaviour. Nature, London, 1966,209, 1371–1372. · DOI · Paper page
  48. Hutt, S. J., Hütt, C., Lee, D., & Ounsted, C. A behavioural and electroencephalographic study of autistic children. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 1965,3, 181–197. · DOI · Paper page
  49. Isaev, D. N., & Kagan, V. E. Autistic syndromes in children of adolescents, Acta Paedo- psychiatrica, 1914, 40, 182–190.
  50. Kanner, L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 1943,2, 217–250.
  51. Kanner, L. Child psychiatry, (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1957.
  52. Kanner, L. Follow-up study of eleven autistic children originally reported in 1943. Journal Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia. 1911,1, 119–145. · DOI · Paper page
  53. Kanner, L., Rodriquez, A., & Ashenden, B. How far can autistic children go in matters of social adaptation? Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1972,2, 9–33. · DOI · Paper page
  54. Kolvin, L Psychoses in childhood—a comparative study. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Infantile, autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment. London: Churchill-Livingstone, 1971. Pp. 7–26.
  55. Laufer, M. W., & Gair, D. S. Childhood schizophrenia. In L. Bellak & L. Loeb (Eds.), The schizophrenic syndrome. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1969.
  56. Lockyer, L., & Rutter, M. A five to fifteen year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. III. Psychological aspects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1969,115, 865–882. · DOI · Paper page
  57. Lockyer, L., & Rutter, M. A five to fifteen year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. IV. Patterns of cognitive ability. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1970,9, 152–163. · DOI · Paper page
  58. Lotter, V. Factors related to outcome in autistic children.Journal of Autism and Childhood, Schizophrenia,1974,4, 263–277. · DOI · Paper page
  59. Makita, K. The age of onset of childhood schizophrenia. Folia Psychiatrica et Neurologica Japónica, 1966,20, 111–121.
  60. Malamud, N. Heller’s disease and childhood schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1959,116, 215–218. · DOI
  61. Marchant, R., Howlin, P., Yule, W., & Rutter, M. Graded change in the treatment of the behaviour of autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1974, 15, 221–227. · DOI
  62. Miller, R. T. Childhood schizophrenia: A review of selected literature. International Journal of Mental Health, 1974, 3, 3–46. · DOI
  63. Mittler, P., Gillies, S., & Jukes, E. Prognosis in psychotic children. Report of follow-up study. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 1966,10, 73–83.
  64. Mnukhin, S. A., & Isaev, D. N. On the organic nature of some forms of schizoid or autistic psychopathy. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1975,5, 99–108. · DOI
  65. Offord, D. Q., & Cross, L. A. Behavioral antecedents of adult schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1969, 21, 267–283. · DOI
  66. O’Gorman, G. The nature of childhood autism. London: Butterworth, 1970.
  67. Ornitz, E. M. Childhood autism: A disorder of sensorimotor integradon. In M. Rutter (Ed.), Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment. London: Churchill- Livingstone, 1971. Pp. 50–68.
  68. Ornitz, E. M., Brown, M. B., Sorosky, A. D., Ritvo, E. R., & Dietrich, L. Environmental modifications of autistic behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1970,22, 560–565. · DOI
  69. Ornitz, E. M., & Ritvo, E. R. Perceptual inconstancy in early infantile autism. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1968,18, 76–98. · DOI · Paper page
  70. Popper, K. The logic of scientific discovery, (2nd ed.). London: Hutchinson, 1959.
  71. Popper, K. Conjectures and regulations: The growth of scientific knowledge, (4th ed.). London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972.
  72. Prior, M., & Macmillan, M. B. Maintenance of sameness in children with Kanner’s syndrome. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1973, 3, 154–167. · DOI
  73. Prior, M., Boulton, D., Gajzago, C., & Perry, D. The classification of childhood psychoses by numerical taxonomy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1975, 16, 321- 330.(a) · DOI
  74. Prior, M., Perry, D., & Gajzago, C. Kanner’s syndrome or early-onset psychosis: A taxonomic analysis of 142 cases Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1975, 5, 71–80.(b) · DOI
  75. Rendle-Short, J. Infantile autism in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia, 1969, 2, 245- 249. · DOI
  76. Ricks, D. M. Vocal communication in pre-verbal normal and autistic children. In N. O’Connor (Ed.), Language, cognitive deficits and retardation. London: Butterworth, 1975.
  77. Ricks, D. N., & Wing, L. Language, communication, and the use of symbols in normal and autistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1975, 5, 191–222. · DOI · Paper page
  78. Rimland, B. Infantile autism,. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1964.
  79. Rimland, B. On the objective diagnosis of infantile autism. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 1968, 35, 146–161.
  80. Rimland, B. The differentiation of childhood psychoses: An analysis of checklists for 2,218 psychotic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 161–174. · DOI · Paper page
  81. Rimland, B. High dosage levels of certain vitamins in the treatment of children with severe mental disorders. In D. R. Hawkins and L. Piuling (Eds.), Orthomolecularpsychiatry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1973.
  82. Robins, L. N. Follow-up studies of behavior disorders in children. In H. C. Quay and J. S. Werry (Eds.),Psychopathological disorders of childhood. New York: Wiley, 1972.
  83. Ross, I. S. Presentation of a clinical case: An autistic child. Pediatric Conference, The Babies Hospital Unit, United Hospital, Newark, New Jersey, 1959,2, No. 2.
  84. Rutter, M. Speech disorders in a series of autistic children. In A. W. Franklin (Ed.), Children with communication problems. London: Pitman, 1965.
  85. Rutter, M. Behavioural and cognitive characteristics of a series of psychotic children. In J. Wing (Ed.), Early childhood autism. London: Pergamon, 1966. Pp. 51–81.
  86. Rutter, M. Psychotic disorders in early childhood. In A. Coppen & A. Walk (Eds.),Recent developments in schizophrenia,. British Journal of Psychiatry Special Publication. Ashford, Kent: Headley Bros., 1967. Pp. 133–158.
  87. Rutter, M. Concepts of autism: A review of research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1968, 9, 1–25. · DOI · Paper page
  88. Rutter, M. Autistic children: Infancy to adulthood. Seminars in Psychiatry, 1970,2, 435- 450.
  89. Rutter, M. The description and classification of infantile autism. In D. W. Churchill, G. D. Alpern, & M. K. DeMyer (Eds.), Infantile autism. Springfield, ill: Charles C Thomas, 1971.(a)
  90. Rutter, M. Psychiatry. In J. Wortis (Ed.),Mental retardation: An annual review, (Vol. III). New York: Grune & Stratton, 1971. Pp. 186–221.(b)
  91. Rutter, M. The development of infantile autism. Psychological Medicine, 1974,4, 147–163. · DOI · Paper page
  92. Rutter, M. Brain damage syndromes in childhood: Concepts and findings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1911,18, 1–21. · DOI · Paper page
  93. Rutter, M., & Bartak, L. Special educational treatment of autistic children: A comparative study. II. Follow-up findings and implications for services. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1913,14, 241–270. · DOI
  94. Rutter, M., Bartak, L., & Newman, S. Autism—a central disorder of cognition and language? In M. Rutter (Ed.), Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment. London: Churchill-Livingstone, 1971. Pp. 148–171.
  95. Rutter, M., Graham, P., & Yule, W.A neuropsychiatric study in childhood. Clinics in Developmental Medicine Nos. 35/36. London: Heinemann/SIMP, 1970.(a)
  96. Rutter, M., Greenfeld, D., & Lockyer, L. A five to fifteen year follow-up study of infantile psychosis. II. Social and behavioural outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1967,113, 1183–1199. · DOI · Paper page
  97. Rutter, M., Lebovici, L., Eisenberg, L., Sneznevsky, A. V., Sadoun, R., Brooke, E., & Lin, T-Y. A triaxial classification of mental disorder in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1969,10, 41–61. · DOI · Paper page
  98. Rutter, M., & Martin, J. A. M. (Eds.), The child with delayed speech,. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 43. London: Heinemann/SIMP, 1972.
  99. Rutter, M., Shaffer, D., & Shepherd, M. A multi-axial classification of child psychiatric disorders. Geneva: WHO, 1975.
  100. Rutter, M., Tizard, J., & Whitmore, K. (Eds.), Education, health and behaviour. London: Longmans, 1970.(b)
  101. Schain, R. J., & Yannet, H. Infantile autism: An analysis of 50 cases and a consideration of certain relevant neurophysiologic concepts. Journal of Pediatrics, 1960,57, 560–567. · DOI
  102. Schopler, E. Visual versus tactual receptor preference in normal and schizophrenic children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1966, 71, 108–114. · DOI
  103. Sorosky, A. D., Ornitz, E. M., Brown, N. B., & Ritvo, E. R. Systematic observations of autistic behavior. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1968,18, 439–449. · DOI
  104. Taft, L. T., & Cohen, H. J. Hypsarrhythmia and infantile autism: A clinical xtpoxi. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 327–336. · DOI
  105. Tarjan, G., Tizard, J., Rutter, M., Begab, M., Brooke, E., De La Cruz, F., Lin, T-Y, Montenegro, H., Strotzka, H., & Sartorius, N. Classification of mental retardation: Issues arising in the 5th WHO Seminar on Psychiatric Diagnosis, Classification and Statistics.American Journal of Psychiatry, 1972,128, 11, 34–45 (Supplement).
  106. Tinbergen, E. A., & Tinbergen, N. Early childhood autism: An etiological approach. In Advances in ethology, 10, Supplement to Journal of Comparative Ethology. Berlin and Hamburg: Verlag Paul Parry, 1972.
  107. Tizard, B., & Rees, J. The effect of early institutional rearing on the behaviour problems and affectional relationships of four year old children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1975,16, 61–74. · DOI · Paper page
  108. Tubbs, V. K. Types of linguistic disability in psychotic children. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research, 1966,10, 230–240.
  109. Vaillant, G. E. John Haslam on early infantile autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1962,119, 376. · DOI
  110. Van Krevelen, D. A. Early infantile autism. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 1952, 91, 81–97.
  111. Van Krevelen, D. A. Early infantile autism and autistic psychopathy. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1971,1, 82–86. · DOI
  112. Van Krevelen, D. A., & Kuipers, C. The psychopathology of autistic psychopathy. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 1962,29, 22–31.
  113. Vrono, M. Schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence. International Journal of Mental Health, 1974,2, 7–116.
  114. Wing, J. K. Kanner’s syndrome: A historical introduction. In L. Wing (Ed.), Early childhood autism: Clinical, educational and social aspects, (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1976.
  115. Wing, L. The handicaps of autistic children—a comparative study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1969,10, 1–40. · DOI · Paper page
  116. Wing, L. Perceptual and language development in autistic children: A comparative study. In M. Rutter (Ed.),Infantile autism: Concepts, characteristics and treatment. London: Churchill-Livingstone, 1971. Pp. 173–197.
  117. Wing, L., & Ricks, D. M. The aetiology of childhood autism: A criticism of the Tinbergen’s ethological theory. Psychological Medicine, 1976, 6, 533–544. · DOI
  118. Wolff, S., & Chess, S. A behavioural study of schizophrenic children. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 1964,40, 438–466. · DOI
  119. Wolff, S., & Chess, S. An analysis of the language of fourteen schizophrenic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1965, 6, 29–41. · DOI
  120. Yuwiler, A., Ritvo, E., Geller, E., Glousman, R., Schneiderman, G., & Matsuno, D. Uptake and efflux of serotonin from platelets of autistic and nonautistic children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1975, 5, 83–98. · DOI

Cited by

See all 396

Metadata

Authors
Rutter, M.
Venue
Autism
Publisher
Springer US
Published
1978
Pages
1-25
ISSN
1362-3613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W109381615
Cited by
396
References
7
FWCI
8.50
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Diagnosis and Definition. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-1-4684-0787-7_1
The paper
Rutter, M. (1978). Diagnosis and Definition. Autism. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0787-7_1

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.