Designing for Complementarity: Teacher and Student Needs for Orchestration Support in AI-Enhanced Classrooms
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A proliferation of studies has revealed the emergence of contrasting ethical themes relating to general AI and AIED, most of which are associated with the liability of data across settings.
“Indeed, a proliferation of studies has revealed the emergence of contrasting ethical themes relating to general AI and AIED, most of which are associated with the liability of data across settings, such as in higher education (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019), K-12 (Holstein et al., 2019), schools (Luckin, 2017), and subjects (Hwang & Tu, 2021).”
From Ethical principles for artificial intelligence in education (2023) · cites this paper as Holstein et al., 2019
Cites
Contextual Design: Defining Customer-Centered Systems
Beyer, H. R., & Holtzblatt, K. (1997) · Cited by 2,748 · see citing works
Guidelines for Human-AI Interaction
Amershi, S., Weld, D., Vorvoreanu, M., Fourney, A., Nushi, B., Collisson, P., Suh, J., Iqbal, S., Bennett, P. N., Inkpen, K., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300233 · Cited by 2,439 · see citing works
Friedman, B. (1996) · Interactions · doi:10.1145/242485.242493 · Cited by 966 · see citing works
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-5403 · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Meta-Analytic Review
Kulik, J. A., & Fletcher, J. D. (2016) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/0034654315581420 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Muller, M. J., & Kuhn, S. (1993) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/153571.255960 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Intelligent tutoring systems and learning outcomes: A meta-analysis
Ma, W., Adesope, O. O., Nesbit, J. C., & Liu, Q. (2014) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037123 · Cited by 840 · see citing works
Cognitive Tutor: Applied research in mathematics education
RITTER, S., Anderson, J. R., Koedinger, K. R., & Corbett, A. T. (2007) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03194060 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Co-Designing a Real-Time Classroom Orchestration Tool to Support Teacher–AI Complementarity
Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2019) · Journal of Learning Analytics · doi:10.18608/jla.2019.62.3 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Self-citationStupid tutoring systems, intelligent humans
Baker, R. S. (2016) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-016-0105-0 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
UX Design Innovation: Challenges for Working with Machine Learning as a Design Material
Dove, G., Halskov, K., Forlizzi, J., & Zimmerman, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025739 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Design for classroom orchestration
Dillenbourg, P. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.04.013 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Roll, I., Aleven, V., McLaren, B. M., & Koedinger, K. R. (2010) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.07.004 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citationToward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
D'Mello, S., Picard, R. W., & Graesser, A. (2007) · IEEE Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/mis.2007.79 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Affect-aware tutors: recognising and responding to student affect
Woolf, B., Burleson, W., Arroyo, I., Dragon, T., Cooper, D., & Picard, R. (2009) · International Journal of Learning Technology · doi:10.1504/ijlt.2009.028804 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Parallel prototyping leads to better design results, more divergence, and increased self-efficacy
Dow, S. P., Glassco, A., Kass, J., Schwarz, M., Schwartz, D. L., & Klemmer, S. R. (2010) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1879831.1879836 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Trischler, J., Pervan, S., Kelly, S. J., & Scott, D. R. (2017) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670517714060 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Agency plus automation: Designing artificial intelligence into interactive systems
Heer, J. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1807184115 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Help Helps, But Only So Much: Research on Help Seeking with Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Aleven, V., Roll, I., McLaren, B. M., & Koedinger, K. R. (2016) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-015-0089-1 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy Students Engage in “Gaming the System” Behavior in Interactive Learning Environments
Baker, R. S., Walonoski, J. A., Heffernan, N. T., Roll, I., Corbett, A. T., & Koedinger, K. R. (2008) · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Student Learning Benefits of a Mixed-Reality Teacher Awareness Tool in AI-Enhanced Classrooms
Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93843-1_12 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationValue-Sensitive Algorithm Design: Method, Case Study, and Lessons
Zhu, H., Yu, B., Halfaker, A., & Terveen, L. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3274463 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Informing Progress: Insights on Personalized Learning Implementation and Effects
Pane, J. F., Steiner, E. A., Baird, M., Hamilton, L. S., & Pane, J. (2017) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr2042 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Lee, M. K., & Baykal, S. (2017) · Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing · doi:10.1145/2998181.2998230 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Miller, J. K., Friedman, B., & Jancke, G. (2007) · doi:10.1145/1316624.1316668 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Intelligent tutors as teachers' aides
Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2017) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3027385.3027451 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationA fieldwork of the future with user enactments
Odom, W., Zimmerman, J., Davidoff, S., Forlizzi, J., Dey, A. K., & Lee, M. K. (2012) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/2317956.2318008 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Function allocation: algorithm, alchemy or apostasy?
Sheridan, T. B. (2000) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.1999.0285 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Orchestrating technology enhanced learning: a literature review and a conceptual framework
Prieto, L. P., Dlab, M. H., Gutié, I., rrez, N. A., Abdulwahed, M. S., & Balid, W. (2011) · International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1504/ijtel.2011.045449 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Decoding ClassDojo: psycho-policy, social-emotional learning and persuasive educational technologies
Williamson, B. (2017) · Learning Media and Technology · doi:10.1080/17439884.2017.1278020 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Susan Bull, A., & Kay, J. (2016) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-015-0090-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Wheel-Spinning: Students Who Fail to Master a Skill
Beck, J. E., & Gong, Y. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39112-5_44 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Rapidly exploring application design through speed dating
Davidoff, S., Lee, M. K., Dey, A. K., & Zimmerman, J. (2007) · doi:10.5555/1771592.1771617 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Holstein, K., Hong, G., Tegene, M., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2018) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3170358.3170377 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptive Intelligent Support to Improve Peer Tutoring in Algebra
Walker, E., Rummel, N., & Koedinger, K. R. (2013) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-013-0001-9 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Eliciting Values Reflections by Engaging Privacy Futures Using Design Workbooks
Wong, R. Y., Mulligan, D. K., Wyk, E. V., Pierce, J., & Chuang, J. C.-I. (2017) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3134746 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Shared orchestration within and beyond the classroom
Sharples, M. (2013) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2013.04.014 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Rapidly Exploring Application Design Through Speed Dating
Davidoff, S., Lee, M. K., Dey, A. K., & Zimmerman, J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74853-3_25 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Monitoring, awareness and reflection in blended technology enhanced learning: a systematic review
Rodríguez‐Triana, M. J., Prieto, L. P., Vozniuk, A., Boroujeni, M. S., Schwendimann, B. A., Holzer, A., & Gillet, D. (2017) · International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1504/ijtel.2017.084489 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
An Ambient Awareness Tool for Supporting Supervised Collaborative Problem Solving
Alavi, H. S., & Dillenbourg, P. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2012.7 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Mitchell, V., Ross, T., May, A. J., Sims, R. E., & Parker, C. (2015) · CoDesign · doi:10.1080/15710882.2015.1091894 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
How Mastery Learning Works at Scale
RITTER, S., Yudelson, M. V., Fancsali, S. E., & Berman, S. R. (2016) · ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale (L@S) · doi:10.1145/2876034.2876039 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Speed Dating: Providing a Menu of Possible Futures
Zimmerman, J., & Forlizzi, J. (2017) · She ji · doi:10.1016/j.sheji.2017.08.003 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Schofield, J. W., Eurich‐Fulcer, R., & Britt, C. L. (1994) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/00028312031003579 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Designing Future Employment Applications for Underserved Job Seekers
Dillahunt, T. R., Lam, J., Lu, A. J., & Wheeler, E. (2018) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3196709.3196770 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Informing Teachers Live about Student Learning: Reporting in Assistment System
Feng, M., & Heffernan, N. T. (2005) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Prevention of Off-Task Gaming Behavior in Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Walonoski, J. A., & Heffernan, N. T. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11774303_80 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Using the Web-Based Interactive Software ALEKS to Enhance College Algebra
Hagerty, G., & Smith, S. (2005) · Mathematics and computer education · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Decision Tree Modeling of Wheel- Spinning and Productive Persistence in Skill Builders
Kai, S., Almeda, M. V., Baker, R. S., Heffernan, C., & Heffernan, N. T. (2018) · Journal of Educational Data Mining · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3344810 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Intelligent teaching assistant systems
Yacef, K. (2003) · doi:10.1109/cie.2002.1185885 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
An, P., Bakker, S., Ordanovski, S., Taconis, R., & Eggen, B. H. (2018) · International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (TEI) · doi:10.1145/3173225.3173243 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Echeverría, V., Martínez‐Maldonado, R., Power, T., Hayes, C., & Shum, S. B. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93846-2_14 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dillenbourg, P., Prieto, L. P., & Olsen, J. K. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315617572-18 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Supporting orchestration of blended CSCL scenarios in distributed learning environments
Prieto, L. P. (2012) · doi:10.35376/10324/1794 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Schofield, J. W. (1997) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/089443939701500104 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Informing the Design of Teacher Awareness Tools through Causal Alignment Analysis.
Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V. (2018) · International Society of the Learning Sciences, Inc. [ISLS]. eBooks · doi:10.22318/cscl2018.104 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreasing Parent Engagement in Student Learning Using an Intelligent Tutoring System
Broderick, Z. R., O’Connor, C., Mulcahy, C., Heffernan, N. T., & Heffernan, C. (2011) · Digital WPI · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Preliminary Evaluation of the Usability of an AI-Infused Orchestration System
Wetzel, J., Burkhardt, H., Cheema, S. A., Kang, S., Pead, D., Schoenfeld, A. H., & VanLehn, K. A. (2018) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93846-2_71 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Long, Y., Aman, Z., & Aleven, V. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-19773-9_23 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationvan Leeuwen, A., Rummel, N., Aleven, V., Gal, K., Holstein, K., Campen, C. A. N. K., McLaren, B. M., Molenaar, I., Prusak, N., Schwarz, B. B., et al. (2018) · International Conference of Learning Sciences · doi:10.22318/cscl2018.1227 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationOrchestrating Combined Collaborative and Individual Learning in the Classroom
Olsen, J. K. (2017) · KiltHub Repository · doi:10.1184/r1/6720983 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Towards Integrating Human and Automated Tutoring Systems.
RITTER, S., Yudelson, M. V., Fancsali, S. E., & Berman, S. (2016) · Educational Data Mining · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Calculating children in the dataveillance school: personal and learning analytics
Williamson, B. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315611402-10 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Luckin, R., & Clark, W. (2011) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.20368/1971-8829/550 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework
Holmes, W., Porayska-Pomsta, K., Holstein, K., Sutherland, E., Baker, T., Shum, S. B., Santos, O. C., Rodrigo, M. T., Cukurova, M., Bittencourt, I. I., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00239-1 · Cited by 1,437 · see citing works
“In addition, there remains limited research into what teachers and students actually want from AIED systems such as requirements around student agency and privacy about which teachers and students might not agree (Holstein et al. 2019).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEthical principles for artificial intelligence in education
Nguyen, A., Ngo, H. N., Hong, Y., Dang, B., & Nguyen, B.-P. T. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-022-11316-w · Cited by 1,228 · see citing works
“Indeed, a proliferation of studies has revealed the emergence of contrasting ethical themes relating to general AI and AIED, most of which are associated with the liability of data across settings, such as in higher education (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019), K-12 (Holstein et al., 2019), schools (Luckin, 2017 ), and su…”
BackgroundAI literacy in K-12: a systematic literature review
Casal-Otero, L., Catala, A., Fernández-Morante, C., Taboada, M., Cebreiro, B., & Barro, S. (2023) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
“, 2020), their opinions on the tools that support the teaching–learning process in AI (Holstein et al., 2019) and their teacher training in technologies (Cheung et al, 2018; Jaskie et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialMadaio, M. A., Stark, L., Wortman Vaughan, J., & Wallach, H. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376445 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Leading teachers' perspective on teacher-AI collaboration in education
Kim, J. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-12109-5 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Shaik, T., Tao, X., Li, Y., Dann, C. E., McDonald, J., Redmond, P., & Galligan, L. (2022) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2022.3177752 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Dai, C.-P., & Ke, F.-F. (2022) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100087 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Ding, A.-C. E., Shi, L., Yang, H., & Choi, I. (2024) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100178 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Mobile Augmented Reality: User Interfaces, Frameworks, and Intelligence
Cao, J., Lam, K. Y., Lee, L., Liu, X., Hui, P., & Su, X. J. (2022) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3557999 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
A Conceptual Framework for Human–AI Hybrid Adaptivity in Education
Holstein, K., Aleven, V., & Rummel, N. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52237-7_20 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationDesigning for human–AI complementarity in K‐12 education
Holstein, K., & Aleven, V. (2022) · AI Magazine · doi:10.1002/aaai.12058 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationMultimodality of AI for Education: Toward Artificial General Intelligence
Lee, G., Shi, L., Latif, E., Gao, Y., Bewersdorff, A., Nyaaba, M., Guo, S., Liu, Z., Mai, G., Liu, T., et al. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2025.3574466 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Prahanı, B. K., Rizki, I. A., Jatmiko, B., Suprapto, N., & Tan, A. (2022) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v17i08.29833 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Alwaqdani, M. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12903-9 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Scientific Development of Educational Artificial Intelligence in Web of Science
Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J., López-Belmonte, J., Marín, J. A. M., & Costa, R. S. (2020) · Future Internet · doi:10.3390/fi12080124 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Topali, P., Ortega‐Arranz, A., Rodríguez‐Triana, M. J., Er, E., Khalil, M., & Akçapınar, G. (2024) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2024.2345295 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Learning Analytics to Reveal Links Between Learning Design and Self-Regulated Learning
Fan, Y., Matcha, W., Uzir, N. A., Wang, Q., & Gašević, D. (2021) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00249-z · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Saha, K., Gregori, E., Joyner, D., & Goel, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445645 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Kochmar, E., Vu, D. D., Belfer, R., Gupta, V., Serban, I. V., & Pineau, J. (2022) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00267-x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Review of the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Yufei, L., Saleh, S., Huang, J., & Abdullah, S. M. S. (2020) · International journal of innovation, creativity and change · doi:10.53333/ijicc2013/12850 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Exploring the role of AI in education
Nguyen, N. D. (2023) · London Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.31039/ljss.2023.6.108 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Types of teacher-AI collaboration in K-12 classroom instruction: Chinese teachers’ perspective
Kim, J. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12523-3 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
"I was afraid, but now I enjoy being a streamer!"
Chen, X., Chen, S., Wang, X., & Huang, Y. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3432936 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Kuo, T.-S., Shen, H., Geum, J., Jones, N., Hong, J., Zhu, H., & Holstein, K. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580882 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, H., Ahn, D., Hosanagar, K., & Lee, J. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517672 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Deng, W. H., Guo, B., Devrio, A., Shen, H., Eslami, M., & Holstein, K. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581026 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationKasepalu, R., Prieto, L. P., Ley, T., & Chejara, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2022.736194 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Kawakami, A., Chowdhary, S., Iqbal, S. T., Liao, Q. V., Olteanu, A., Suh, J., & Saha, K. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3610207 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The TA Framework: Designing Real-time Teaching Augmentation for K-12 Classrooms
An, P., Holstein, K., d'Anjou, B., Eggen, B., & Bakker, S. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376277 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Selective shared awareness: In between these two ends of the spectrum lies a rich design space for systems that facilitate real-time teacher control over which information is shared with which individuals or groups [50, 52, 82].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationGreen, B., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3479562 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Bhimdiwala, A., Neri, R. C., & Gomez, L. M. (2021) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00278-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Equality of Learning Opportunity via Individual Fairness in Personalized Recommendations
Marras, M., Boratto, L., Ramos, G., & Fenu, G. (2021) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00271-1 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lai, T., Zeng, X., Xu, B., Xie, C., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Lu, H., & Fu, S. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04727-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Simon, P. D., & Zeng, L. M. (2024) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci14121413 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
My teammate is AI: understanding students’ perceptions of student-AI collaboration in drawing tasks
Kim, J., & Cho, Y. H. (2025) · Asia Pacific Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/02188791.2023.2286206 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yang, K. B., Echeverria, V., Lu, Z., Mao, H., Holstein, K., Rummel, N., & Aleven, V. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581398 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationXie, C., Ruan, M., Lin, P., Wang, Z., Lai, T., Xie, Y. H., Fu, S., & Lu, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137890 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kawakami, A., Sivaraman, V., Stapleton, L., Cheng, H.-F., Perer, A., Wu, Z. S., Zhu, H., & Holstein, K. (2022) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3532106.3533556 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationTan, M., & Subramonyam, H. (2024) · Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642592 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ning, Y., Zheng, H., Wu, H., Jin, Z. M., Chang, H., & Wijaya, T. T. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13477-w · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Olsen, J. K., Rummel, N., & Aleven, V. (2020) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-020-00228-w · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMachado, M. D. O. C., Bravo, N. F. S., Martins, A. F., Bernardino, H. S., Barrére, E., & de Souza, J. F. (2020) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-020-09864-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cosentino, G., & Giannakos, M. N. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2023.3243210 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Beyond "Fairness:" Structural (In)justice Lenses on AI for EducationPreprint
Madaio, M., Blodgett, S. L., Mayfield, E., & Dixon‐Román, E. J. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.08847 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Configurations of human-centered AI at work: seven actor-structure engagements in organizations
Wilkens, U., Lupp, D., & Langholf, V. (2023) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2023.1272159 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Kashif, M., Ammar, M., Sellami, A., Chiu, T. K. F., Abbasi, S. A., & Ahmad, Z. (2025) · Computers in the Schools · doi:10.1080/07380569.2025.2602507 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Investigating Students’ Experiences with Collaboration Analytics for Remote Group Meetings
Zhou, Q., Suraworachet, W., Pozdniakov, S., Martínez‐Maldonado, R., Bartindale, T., Chen, P., Richardson, D., & Cukurova, M. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78292-4_38 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Challenges and benefits of 7 ways artificial intelligence in education sector
Tambuskar, S. (2022) · Review of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.37497/rev.artif.intell.education.v3i00.3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
ML-based intelligent real-time feedback system for blended classroom
Biswas, U., & Bhattacharya, S. (2023) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-023-11949-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Chen, X., Hu, Z., Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2472288 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Disabling AI: power, exclusion, and disability
Foley, A. R., & Melese, F. (2025) · British Journal of Sociology of Education · doi:10.1080/01425692.2025.2519482 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Seun, A., Ajayi, A., Bobga, M. A., Yeboah, T. J., Apelehin, A. A., Ofori, S. D., Elumilade, R. A., & Abutu, D. E. (2023) · International Journal of Scientific Research in Science Engineering and Technology · doi:10.32628/ijsrset232532 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Dashboard to Support Teachers During Students’ Self-paced AI-Supported Problem-Solving Practice
Aleven, V., Blankestijn, J., Lawrence, L., Nagashima, T., & Taatgen, N. (2022) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16290-9_2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman-in-the-Loop Systems for Adaptive Learning Using Generative AI
Tarun, B., Du, H., Kannan, D., & Gehringer, E. F. (2025) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie63693.2025.11328658 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Requirements and challenges for hybrid intelligence: A case-study in education
Bert Bredeweg, A., & Kragten, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2022.891630 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tenório, K., Dermeval, D., Monteiro, M. D. S., Peixoto, A., & Pedro, A. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52237-7_42 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Shen, Y., Tang, L., Le, H., Tan, S., Zhao, Y., Shen, K., Li, X., Juelich, T., Wang, Q., Gašević, D., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.13562 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Tenório, K., Dermeval, D., Monteiro, M. D. S., Peixoto, A., & da Silva, A. P. (2021) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00274-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Social network for collaborative learning: what are the determining factors?
Boruzie, P. K., Kolog, E. A., Afful-Dadzie, E., & Egala, S. B. (2022) · Universal Access in the Information Society · doi:10.1007/s10209-022-00942-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Shofiah, N., & Putera, Z. F. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3871916/v1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Han, S., Liu, M., Pan, Z., Cai, Y. C., & Shao, P. (2022) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-022-00311-4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
van den Berg, S., & Papadopoulos, P. M. (2024) · Innovations in Education and Teaching International · doi:10.1080/14703297.2024.2436613 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Polydoros, G., Galitskaya, V., Pergantis, P., Drigas, A. S., Antoniou, A., & Beazidou, E. (2025) · Psychology International · doi:10.3390/psycholint7020046 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rodríguez‐Triana, M. J., Prieto, L. P., Dimitriadis, Y. A., de Jong, T., & Gillet, D. (2021) · Journal of Learning Analytics · doi:10.18608/jla.2021.7357 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Learning in the Panopticon: Examining the Potential Impacts of AI Monitoring on Students
Han, B., Buchanan, G., & Mckay, D. (2022) · Proceedings of the 34th Australian Conference on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3572921.3572937 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Learning with Interactive Knowledge Representations
Bert Bredeweg, A., Kragten, M., Holt, J., Kruit, P., van Eijck, T., Pijls, M., Bouwer, A. J., Sprinkhuizen, M., Jaspar, E., & de Boer, M. E. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13095256 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Understanding the impact of ChatGPT in education
Thong, C. L., Butson, R. J., & Lim, W. (2023) · ASCILITE Publications · doi:10.14742/apubs.2023.461 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mentigo: An Intelligent Agent for Mentoring Students in the Creative Problem Solving Process
Zha, S., Liu, Y., Zheng, C., Xu, J., Yu, F., Gong, J., & Xu, Y. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713952 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yang, K. B., Lawrence, L., Echeverria, V., Guo, B., Rummel, N., & Aleven, V. (2021) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-86436-1_20 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLearning engineering: A view on where the field is at, where it’s going, and the research needed.
Baker, R. S., Boser, U., & Snow, E. L. (2022) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000058 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ayyıldız, P., & Yılmaz, A. (2023) · Educational policy analysis and strategic research · doi:10.29329/epasr.2023.631.4 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Shahini, A., Kamath, A. P., Sharma, E., Salvi, M., Tan, R., Siuly, S., Seoni, S., Ganguly, R., Devi, A., Deo, R. C., et al. (2025) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2025.103441 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Augmented Human and Human-Machine Co-evolution: Efficiency and Ethics
Dengel, A. R., Devillers, L. Y., & Schaal, L. M. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69128-8_13 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Kasepalu, R., Chejara, P., Prieto, L. P., & Ley, T. (2023) · International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning · doi:10.1007/s11412-023-09414-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tang, N., Zhi, J., Kuo, T.-S., Kainaroi, C., Northup, J. J., Holstein, K., Zhu, H., Heidari, H., & Shen, H. (2024) · ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT) · doi:10.1145/3630106.3658935 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationExploring Human–AI Control Over Dynamic Transitions Between Individual and Collaborative Learning
Echeverría, V., Holstein, K., Huang, J. C., Sewall, J., Rummel, N., & Aleven, V. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57717-9_17 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationA Comprehensive Review on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Education
Dayal, G., Verma, P., & Sehgal, S. (2023) · Advances in business information systems and analytics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1902-4.ch020 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Multidimensional Student Agency in Learning with AI: A Conceptual Framework and Design Implications
Vincoli, M., Scholz, N., & Nagashima, T. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98459-4_16 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
WeAudit: Scaffolding User Auditors and AI Practitioners in Auditing Generative AI
Deng, W. H., Claire, W., Han, H. Z., Hong, J., Holstein, K., & Eslami, M. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757702 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, F., Gou, J., Shen, K. N., Camarinha-Matos, L. M., & Wang, Z. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-025-13717-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works
How AI shapes self-regulated learning in foreign language education
Hou, F., & Zhou, C. (2025) · Discover Computing · doi:10.1007/s10791-025-09801-0 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ngoon, T. J., Kovalev, D., Patidar, P., Harrison, C., Agarwal, Y., Zimmerman, J., & Ogan, A. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3596079 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
La implementación de la Inteligencia Artificial en educación superior: beneficios y limitaciones
Giler, M. K. S., Moreno, M. N. M., Saltos, A. H. E., & Rizo, F. S. C. (2025) · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.56712/latam.v5i6.3249 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chang, M. A., Tissenbaum, M., Philip, T. M., & D’Mello, S. K. (2025) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100364 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Deng, W. H., Barocas, S., & Vaughan, J. W. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3711076 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Tan, M., Lee, H., Wang, D., & Subramonyam, H. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3637358 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Exploring Brazilian Teachers’ Perceptions and a priori Needs to Design Smart Classrooms
Ferreira, A., Lima, D. A., Oliveira, W., Bittencourt, I. I., Dermeval, D., Reimers, F., & Isotani, S. (2024) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-024-00410-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Generative AI in Chinese Early Childhood Education
Sun, M., Yan, R., & Wen, R. (2025) · International Journal of Teacher Education and Professional Development · doi:10.4018/ijtepd.382379 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics on Higher Education
Naqvi, G., Iqbal, F., Yousaf, J., & Tariq, R. (2023) · Journal of Management Practices Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.33152/jmphss-7.3.2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Can Crowds Customize Instructional Materials with Minimal Expert Guidance?
Yang, K. B., Nagashima, T., Yao, J., Williams, J. J., Holstein, K., & Aleven, V. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3449193 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationOutamgharte, B., Yeou, M., & Zyad, H. (2025) · Reflective Practice · doi:10.1080/14623943.2025.2494319 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kim, Y. S., Moon, H. S., Lee, S., & Lee, T. Y. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757534 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Navigating the Landscape of Hint Generation Research: From the Past to the Future
Jangra, A., Mozafari, J., Jatowt, A., & Muresan, S. (2025) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00751 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Acosta, C. M., Gamboa, K. D. L. Á. G., & Espinoza, J. D. R. (2025) · Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences Discoveries and Society · doi:10.71068/bkhndn04 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Constructing and predicting school advice for academic achievement
Niemeijer, K., Feskens, R. C. W., Krempl, G., Koops, J., & Brinkhuis, M. J. S. (2020) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3375462.3375486 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise
Wang, R. E., Ribeiro, A. T., Robinson, C. D., Loeb, S., & Demszky, D. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.03017 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This observation underscores the critical role of the human in guiding the AI to provide the most contextually appropriate and impactful instructional support.”
Huynh, L., & McNamara, D. S. (2026) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics15061262 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Doğan, Y., KILIÇ, Z., Kalınkara, Y., & Talan, T. (2026) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence14060109 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Accessible Images: AI-Generated Alt Text in Educational Publishing
Risi, M. (2025) · Logos · doi:10.1163/18784712-20240039 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Use of feedback in intelligent tutoring systems: a systematic literature review
Silva, L. R., Fior, C. A., Rodrigues, L., Penha, R., Dermeval, D., & Isotani, S. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2565681 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Holstein, K., McLaren, B. M., & Aleven, V.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Holstein, Kenneth
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2019
- Pages
- 157-171
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-3349
- OpenAlex
- W2952696298
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.59
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Science Applications › Online Learning and Analytics
- Keywords
- human-AI collaboration, artificial intelligence in education, K-12 education, teacher needs, student needs, AI tutors, human tutoring, student motivation, emotional support, human-centered design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
