The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender Bias in Chatbot Design
Overview
Integrity signals
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Cites
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Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“a gender bias has been identified in chatbot design [33]”
From Future directions for chatbot research: An interdisciplinary research agenda (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
In the citing paper
“due to technological limitations and design choices, they can be the means to perpetuate and even reinforce existing biases in society, exclude or discriminate against some user groups (e.g. [33, 51]) and over-represent or enshrine specific values”
From Future directions for chatbot research: An interdisciplinary research agenda (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Citations
Cites
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Weizenbaum, J. (1966) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/365153.365168 · Cited by 4,452
Machines and Mindlessness: Social Responses to Computers
Nass, C., & Moon, Y. (2000) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00153 · Cited by 4,022
ELIZA — a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Weizenbaum, J. (1983) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/357980.357991 · Cited by 2,807
Nass, C., Steuer, J., & Tauber, E. R. (1994) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/191666.191703 · Cited by 2,148
Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships
Bickmore, T. W., & Picard, R. W. (2005) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1067860.1067867 · Cited by 1,333
Araujo, T. (2018) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.051 · Cited by 1,156
ACM code of ethics and professional conduct
Anderson, R. E. (1992) · CACM · doi:10.1145/129875.129885 · Cited by 676
Are Machines Gender Neutral? Gender‐Stereotypic Responses to Computers With Voices
Nass, C., Moon, Y., & Green, N. (1997) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1997.tb00275.x · Cited by 670
A Taxonomy of Social Cues for Conversational Agents
Feine, J., Gnewuch, U., Morana, S., & Maedche, A. (2019) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.07.009 · Cited by 586
Self-citationDale, R. (2016) · Natural Language Engineering · doi:10.1017/s1351324916000243 · Cited by 554
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhai, C., Wibowo, S., & Li, L. D. (2024) · Smart Learning Environments · doi:10.1186/s40561-024-00316-7 · Cited by 1,567
Using Chatbots as AI Conversational Partners in Language Learning
Belda-Medina, J., & Calvo-Ferrer, J. R. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12178427 · Cited by 306
Chatbots: Security, privacy, data protection, and social aspects
Hasal, M., Nowaková, J., Ahmed Saghair, K., Abdulla, H., Snášel, V., & Ogiela, L. (2021) · Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience · doi:10.1002/cpe.6426 · Cited by 249
Future directions for chatbot research: An interdisciplinary research agenda
Følstad, A., Araujo, T., Law, E. L.-C., Brandtzaeg, P. B., Papadopoulos, S., Reis, L., Baez, M., Laban, G., McAllister, P., Ischen, C., et al. (2021) · Computing · doi:10.1007/s00607-021-01016-7 · Cited by 247
Ghafouri, V., Agarwal, V., Zhang, Y., Sastry, N., Such, J., & Suárez‐Tangil, G. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) · doi:10.1145/3583780.3614777 · Cited by 405
Metadata
- Authors
- Feine, J., Gnewuch, U., Morana, S., & Maedche, A.
- Affiliations
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Feine, Jasper
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 11970
- Pages
- 79-93
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-3349
- OpenAlex
- W2999241551
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 12.19
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- Lecture notes in computer science
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › AI in Service Interactions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Keywords
- gender bias, chatbot design, face recognition, customer service chatbots, gender stereotypes
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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