The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
International Affective Picture System
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334
Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 · Cited by 9,538
Self-citationLooking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions
LANG, P. J., GREENWALD, M. K., BRADLEY, M. M., & HAMM, A. O. (1993) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x · Cited by 3,190
Self-citationEmotion and the motivational brain
Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.10.007 · Cited by 1,006
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2007). Studying emotion with the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). In J. A. Coan & J. J. B. Allen (Eds.), Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Cook III, E. W., Atkinson, L., & Lang, P. J. (1987). Stimulus control and data acquisition for IBM PC’s and compatibles. Psychophysiology, 24, 726. · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00361.x
- Greenwald, M. K., Cook, Edwin W., III., & Lang, P. J. (1989). Affective judgment and psychophysiological response: dimensional covariation in the evaluation of pictorial stimuli. Journal of Psychophysiology, 3, 51–64.
- Lang, P. J. (1980). Behavioral treatment and bio-behavioral assessment: Computer applications. In J. B. Sidowski, J. H. Johnson, & T. A. Williams (Eds.), Technology in mental health care delivery systems (pp. 119–137). Norwood: Ablex Publishing.
- Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (2008). International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Instruction manual and affective ratings, Technical Report A-8. Gainesville: The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
- Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Osgood, C., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois.
Cited by
Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 · Cited by 9,538
Self-citationAn inkblot for attitudes: Affect misattribution as implicit measurement.
Payne, B. K., Cheng, C. M., Govorun, O., & Stewart, B. D. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.277 · Cited by 1,371
Dolcos, F., LaBar, K. S., & Cabeza, R. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(04)00289-2 · Cited by 714
Mindfulness meditation and reduced emotional interference on a cognitive task
Ortner, C. N. M., Kilner, S. J., & Zelazo, P. D. (2007) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-007-9076-7 · Cited by 489
Belin, P., Fillion-Bilodeau, S., & Gosselin, F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.2.531 · Cited by 473
Metadata
- Authors
- Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J.
- Venue
- Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Published
- 2020
- Pages
- 2347-2350
- OpenAlex
- W4230160590
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 4
- Type
- reference entry
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: International Affective Picture System. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_42
- The paper
- Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (2020). International Affective Picture System. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_42
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.