Emotion and the motivational brain
Open accessAbstract
Psychophysiological and neuroscience studies of emotional processing undertaken by investigators at the University of Florida Laboratory of the Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention (CSEA) are reviewed, with a focus on reflex reactions, neural structures and functional circuits that mediate emotional expression. The theoretical view shared among the investigators is that expressed emotions are founded on motivational circuits in the brain that developed early in evolutionary history to ensure the survival of individuals and their progeny. These circuits react to appetitive and aversive environmental and memorial cues, mediating appetitive and defensive reflexes that tune sensory systems and mobilize the organism for action and underly negative and positive affects. The research reviewed here assesses the reflex physiology of emotion, both autonomic and somatic, studying affects evoked in picture perception, memory imagery, and in the context of tangible reward and punishment, and using the electroencephalograph (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), explores the brain's motivational circuits that determine human emotion.
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Research has demonstrated clear effects of valence and arousal on different physiological and self-report measures.
“Because research has demonstrated clear effects of valence and arousal on different physiological and self-report measures [27], the present study adopted a motivational perspective on emotion.”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [27]
According to the motivational model, unpleasant and pleasant pictures differ in their valence, and both unpleasant and pleasant pictures differ from neutral pictures in their arousal level.
“According to the motivational model, unpleasant and pleasant pictures differ in their valence, and both unpleasant and pleasant pictures differ from neutral pictures in their arousal level.”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [27]
The eyeblink amplitude is potentiated during negative affective states and attenuated during positive affective states, and has been shown to be modulated particularly while viewing highly arousing emotional pictures.
“The eyeblink amplitude, which is potentiated during negative affective states and attenuated during positive affective states, has been shown to be modulated particularly while viewing highly arousing emotional pictures [27].”
From Self-Reported Trait Mindfulness and Affective Reactivity: A Motivational Approach Using Multiple Psychophysiological Measures (2015) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Lang, P. J., & Bradley, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lang, Peter J.
- Venue
- Biological Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 437-450
- ISSN
- 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3612949
- OpenAlex
- W2139570025
- Cited by
- 1,006
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 48 · 2025: 71 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 66 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 69 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 15.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (P50 MH-72850, P50MH072850)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- emotions, emotional expression, reflex physiology, reward and punishment, positive and negative affect, emotional processing, brain circuits, evolutionary psychology of emotion
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Brain, Computer Simulation, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Habituation, Psychophysiologic, Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation
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