Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents
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Media agents are received more positively when they display cues that are more social or socially appropriate.
“Moreover, studies have found that media agents are received more positively when they display cues that are more social (Pfeifer & Bickmore, 2011) or socially appropriate (Gratch et al., 2007).”
From Building a Stronger CASA: Extending the Computers Are Social Actors Paradigm (2020) · cites this paper as Gratch et al., 2007
The ability of an agent to provide appropriate backchannels has often been motivated by the increased sense of rapport that could be achieved.
“More specifically, the ability of an agent to provide appropriate backchannels has often been motivated by the increased sense of rapport that could be achieved (Gratch et al., 2006, 2007).”
From Modeling Feedback in Interaction With Conversational Agents—A Review (2022) · cites this paper as Gratch et al., 2007
Cites
The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates
Tickle-Degnen, L., & Rosenthal, R. (1990) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0104_1 · Cited by 960 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Tickle-Degnen and Rosenthal [1] equate rapport with behaviors indicating positive emotions (e.”
BackgroundBavelas, J. B., Coates, L., & Johnson, T. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.941 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Contextual recognition of head gestures,
Morency, L.-P., Sidner, C., Lee, C., & Darrell, T. (2005) · Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces · doi:10.1145/1088463.1088470 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Fluid Semantic Back-Channel Feedback in Dialogue: Challenges and Progress
Jonsdottir, G. R., Gratch, J., Fast, E., & Thórisson, K. R. (2007) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74997-4_15 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
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It's only a computer: virtual humans increase willingness to disclose
Lucas, G. M., Gratch, J., King, A., & Morency, L.-P. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.043 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
Self-citationBuilding a Stronger CASA: Extending the Computers Are Social Actors Paradigm
Gambino, A., Fox, J., & Ratan, R. (2020) · Human-Machine Communication · doi:10.30658/hmc.1.5 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
“Moreover, studies have found that media agents are received more positively when they display cues that are more social (Pfeifer & Bickmore, 2011) or socially appropriate (Gratch et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInterpersonal synchrony: a survey of evaluation methods across disciplines.
Delaherche, E., Chetouani, M., Mahdhaoui, A., Saint-Georges, C., Viaux, S., & Cohen, D. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2012.12 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
“It doesn’t matter what you are!” Explaining social effects of agents and avatars
von der Pütten, A. M., Krämer, N. C., Gratch, J., & Kang, S.-H. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.012 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S., & Choi, J. (2017) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.02.005 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
The impact of chatbot conversational skill on engagement and perceived humanness
Schuetzler, R. M., Grimes, G. M., & Scott Giboney, J. (2020) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2020.1790204 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Reporting Mental Health Symptoms: Breaking Down Barriers to Care with Virtual Human Interviewers
Lucas, G. M., Rizzo, A., Gratch, J., Scherer, S., Stratou, G., Boberg, J., & Morency, L.-P. (2017) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2017.00051 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationThe design of motivational agents and avatars
Baylor, A. L. (2011) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-011-9196-3 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Building autonomous sensitive artificial listeners
Schroder, M., Bevacqua, E., Cowie, R., Eyben, F., Gunes, H., Heylen, D., ter Maat, M., McKeown, G., Pammi, S., Pantic, M., et al. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/t-affc.2011.34 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Designing emotionally sentient agents
McDuff, D., & Czerwinski, M. (2018) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3186591 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
EMMA: an emotion-aware wellbeing chatbot
Ghandeharioun, A., McDuff, D., Czerwinski, M., & Rowan, K. (2019) · 2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII) · doi:10.1109/acii.2019.8925455 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Chugunova, M., & Sele, D. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics · doi:10.1016/j.socec.2022.101897 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kulms, P., & Kopp, S. (2019) · Proceedings of Mensch und Computer 2019 · doi:10.1145/3340764.3340793 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Brown, C. H., Mohr, D. C., Gallo, C. G., Mader, C., Palinkas, L., Wingood, G., Prado, G., Kellam, S. G., Pantin, H., Poduska, J., et al. (2013) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e31829372bd · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kuttal, S. K., Ong, B., Kwasny, K., & Robe, P. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445659 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Seaborn, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tokunaga, S., Miyake, N. P., & Otake-Matsuura, M. (2023) · International Journal of Social Robotics · doi:10.1007/s12369-022-00925-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Rapport Between Humans and Socially Interactive Agents
Gratch, J., & Lucas, G. (2021) · The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents · doi:10.1145/3477322.3477335 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling Feedback in Interaction With Conversational Agents—A Review
Axelsson, A., Buschmeier, H., & Skantze, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2022.744574 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“…in order to project confidence in its ability to generate a response even when there is a processing delay that causes a long gap in turn-taking, or to create rapport between user and system Gratch et al., 2007), a shallow approach to feedback generation may actually thwart the intended effect.”
BackgroundKramer, L. L., van Velsen, L., Clark, J. L., Mulder, B. C., & de Vet, E. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/33974 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Kramer, L. L., Mulder, B. C., van Velsen, L., & de Vet, E. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/22186 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Aware Intelligent Virtual Agent's Effect on Social Presence and Empathy of Caregivers
Ahmmed, A., Butts, E., Naeiji, K., Thiamwong, L., Ancis, J., & Daher, S. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents · doi:10.1145/3652988.3673951 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Survey of Listener Behavior and Listener Models for Embodied Conversational Agents
Bevacqua, E. (2013) · Coverbal Synchrony in Human-Machine Interaction · doi:10.1201/b15477-11 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gratch, J., Wang, N., Gerten, J., Fast, E., & Duffy, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Published
- 2007-08-31
- Pages
- 125-138
- ISSN
- 0302-9743 (ISSN-L)
- 1611-3349
- OpenAlex
- W1889777305
- Cited by
- 419
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 31.90
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lecture notes in computer science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Speech and dialogue systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- rapport building, virtual agents, virtual characters, contingent feedback, nonverbal behavior, positive feedback, feedback frequency, human-agent interaction
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