The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Overview of the Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which portions of cytosol and organelles are sequestered into a double-membrane vesicle, an autophagosome, and delivered into a degradative organelle, the vacuole/lysosome, for breakdown and eventual recycling of the resulting macromolecules. This process relieves the cell from various stress conditions. Autophagy plays a critical role during cellular development and differentiation, functions in tumor suppression, and may be linked to life span extension. Autophagy also has diverse roles in innate and adaptive immunity, such as resistance to pathogen invasion. Substantial progress has been made in the identification of many autophagy-related (ATG) genes that are essential to drive this cellular process, including both selective and nonselective types of autophagy. Identification of the ATG genes in yeast, and the finding of orthologs in other organisms, reveals the conservation of the autophagic machinery in all eukaryotes. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the machinery and molecular mechanism of autophagy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing.
Kabeya, Y., Mizushima, N., Ueno, T., Yamamoto, A., Kirisako, T., Noda, T., Kominami, E., Ohsumi, Y., & Yoshimori, T. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.21.5720 · Cited by 6,605
Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
Mizushima, N., Levine, B., Cuervo, A. M., & Klionsky, D. J. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06639 · Cited by 6,452
Self-citationInduction of autophagy and inhibition of tumorigenesis by beclin 1
Liang, X. H., Jackson, S., Seaman, M., Brown, K., Kempkes, B., Hibshoosh, H., & Levine, B. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/45257 · Cited by 3,347
The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period
Kuma, A., Hatano, M., Matsui, M., Yamamoto, A., Nakaya, H., Yoshimori, T., Ohsumi, Y., Tokuhisa, T., & Mizushima, N. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03029 · Cited by 2,865
Gutierrez, M. G., Master, S. S., Singh, S. B., Taylor, G. A., Colombo, M. I., & Deretic, V. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.038 · Cited by 2,252
Loewith, R., Jacinto, E., Wullschleger, S., Lorberg, A., Crespo, J. L., Bonenfant, D., Oppliger, W., Jenoe, P., & Hall, M. N. (2002) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(02)00636-6 · Cited by 1,886
Selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy
Kim, I., Rodriguez-Enriquez, S., & Lemasters, J. J. (2007) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2007.03.034 · Cited by 1,558
Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems
Ohsumi, Y. (2001) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35056522 · Cited by 1,240
Tor-Mediated Induction of Autophagy via an Apg1 Protein Kinase Complex
Kamada, Y., Funakoshi, T., Shintani, T., Nagano, K., Ohsumi, M., & Ohsumi, Y. (2000) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.150.6.1507 · Cited by 1,145
The Atg12-Atg5 Conjugate Has a Novel E3-like Activity for Protein Lipidation in Autophagy
Hanada, T., Noda, N. N., Satomi, Y., Ichimura, Y., Fujioka, Y., Takao, T., Inagaki, F., & Ohsumi, Y. (2007) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c700195200 · Cited by 1,123 · cited 1×
“6), although it is not essential for the latter process to occur (Hanada et al. 2007).”
BackgroundKihara, A., Noda, T., Ishihara, N., & Ohsumi, Y. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.152.3.519 · Cited by 1,004
Formation Process of Autophagosome Is Traced with Apg8/Aut7p in Yeast
Kirisako, T., Baba, M., Ishihara, N., Miyazawa, K., Ohsumi, M., Yoshimori, T., Noda, T., & Ohsumi, Y. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.147.2.435 · Cited by 881 · cited 3×
“The Atg8—PE that resides on the surface that becomes the outer face of the sequestering vesicle is released from the membrane by a second Atg4-dependent cleavage, whereas the inner population remains inside the vesicle and is delivered into the vacuole/ lysosome, where it is degraded (Huang et al. 2000; Kabeya et al.…”
BackgroundSch9 Is a Major Target of TORC1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Urban, J., Soulard, A., Huber, A., Lippman, S., Mukhopadhyay, D., Deloche, O., Wanke, V., Anrather, D., Ammerer, G., Riezman, H., et al. (2007) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2007.04.020 · Cited by 798
Mizushima, N., Kuma, A., Kobayashi, Y., Yamamoto, A., Matsubae, M., Takao, T., Natsume, T., Ohsumi, Y., & Yoshimori, T. (2003) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.00381 · Cited by 791
Isolation and Characterization of Rat Liver Amphisomes
Berg, T. O., Fengsrud, M., Strømhaug, P. E., Berg, T., & Seglen, P. O. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.34.21883 · Cited by 385 · cited 1×
“Fusion with endosomes to become amphisomes allows convergence of the endocytic and autophagic pathways; subsequent fusion of autophagosomes or amphisomes with lysosomes generates autolysosomes (Berg et al. 1998; Tooze et al. 1990).”
BackgroundMechanism of Cargo Selection in the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway
Shintani, T., Huang, W.-P., Stromhaug, P. E., & Klionsky, D. J. (2002) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(02)00373-8 · Cited by 362
Self-citationPpAtg30 Tags Peroxisomes for Turnover by Selective Autophagy
Farré, J.-C., Manjithaya, R., Mathewson, R. D., & Subramani, S. (2008) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2007.12.011 · Cited by 331
Atg11 Links Cargo to the Vesicle-forming Machinery in the Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Pathway
Yorimitsu, T., & Klionsky, D. J. (2005) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e04-11-1035 · Cited by 280
Self-citationAtg9 Cycles Between Mitochondria and the Pre-Autophagosomal Structure in Yeasts
Reggiori, F., Shintani, T., Chong, H., Nair, U., & Klionsky, D. J. (2005) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.1.2.1840 · Cited by 266
Self-citationGuan, J., Stromhaug, P. E., George, M. D., Habibzadegah-Tari, P., Bevan, A., Dunn, W. A., & Klionsky, D. J. (2001) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.12.12.3821 · Cited by 204
Self-citation
Cited by
An Overview of Autophagy: Morphology, Mechanism, and Regulation
Parzych, K. R., & Klionsky, D. J. (2014) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5371 · Cited by 2,521
Self-citationThe microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon
Donohoe, D. R., Garge, N., Zhang, X., Sun, W., O'Connell, T. M., Bunger, M. K., & Bultman, S. J. (2011) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2011.02.018 · Cited by 2,003
“In response to nutrient deprivation, AMPK activation induces autophagy, which is a catabolic process where the cell degrades its own cellular components in an attempt to maintain energy homeostasis (He and Klionsky, 2009; Yang and Klionsky, 2009).”
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation
Yang, Z., & Klionsky, D. J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 1,956
Self-citationGalectin 8 targets damaged vesicles for autophagy to defend cells against bacterial invasion
Thurston, T. L. M., Wandel, M. P., von Muhlinen, N., Foeglein, Á., & Randow, F. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10744 · Cited by 1,034
Martinez, J., Malireddi, R. K. S., Lu, Q., Cunha, L. D., Pelletier, S., Gingras, S., Orchard, R., Guan, J.-L., Tan, H., Peng, J., et al. (2015) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3192 · Cited by 758
Retracted
Metadata
- Authors
- Yang, Z., & Klionsky, D. J.
- Venue
- Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
- Publisher
- Springer Berlin Heidelberg
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 335
- Pages
- 1-32
- ISSN
- 0070-217X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W66711298
- Cited by
- 832
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 138.34
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
