Explanation in Second Generation Expert Systems

Logic and Conversation

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Heuristic classification

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The Thread of Discourse

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Generic Tasks in Knowledge-Based Reasoning: High-Level Building Blocks for Expert System Design

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The epistemology of a rule-based expert system —a framework for explanation

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On the coherence and structure of discourse

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XPLAIN: a system for creating and explaining expert consulting programs

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Plan Recognition in Natural Language Dialogue

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Discourse strategies for generating natural-language text

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The Mud System

Kahn, G. S., & McDermott, J. P. (1986) · IEEE Expert · doi:10.1109/mex.1986.5006495 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Explanations in knowledge systems: design for explainable expert systems

Swartout, W., Paris, C. L., & Moore, J. D. (1991) · IEEE Expert · doi:10.1109/64.87686 · Cited by 200 · see citing works

Deep versus compiled knowledge approaches to diagnostic problem-solving

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Tailoring object descriptions to a user's level of expertise

Paris, C. L. (1988) · OLAC - Open Language Archives Community · doi:10.5555/58914.58918 · Cited by 192 · see citing works

A rule-based computer program for advising physicians regarding antimicrobial therapy selection

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A deductive pattern matcher

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Enhanced Maintenance and Explanation of Expert Systems Through Explicit Models of Their Development

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User Models in Dialog Systems

Wahlster, W., & Kobsa, A. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83230-7_1 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Reconstructive expert system explanation

Wick, M. R., & Thompson, W. B. (1992) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/0004-3702(92)90087-e · Cited by 158 · see citing works

Inferring domain plans in question-answering

Pollack, M. E. (1986) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 151 · see citing works

A Mechanism for Forming Composite Explanatory Hypotheses

Josephson, J. R., Chandrasekaran, B., Smith, J. W., & Tanner, M. C. (1987) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1987.4309060 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

A model of plan inference that distinguishes between the beliefs of actors and observers

Pollack, M. E. (1986) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.3115/981131.981160 · Cited by 143 · see citing works

Explaining control strategies in problem solving

Chandrasekaran, B., Tanner, M. C., & Josephson, J. R. (1989) · IEEE Expert · doi:10.1109/64.21896 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

Computational linguistics

Roeck, A. N. D. (2022) · Handbook of pragmatics online/Handbook of pragmatics · doi:10.1075/hop.m2.comm2 · Cited by 131 · see citing works

Strategic explanations for a diagnostic consultation system

Hasling, D. W., Clancey, W. J., & Rennels, G. D. (1984) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(84)80003-6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works

The advantages of abstract control knowledge in expert system design

Clancey, W. J. (1983) · National Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 111 · see citing works

UMFE: A user modelling front-end subsystem

Sleeman, D. H. (1985) · International Journal of Man-Machine Studies · doi:10.1016/s0020-7373(85)80025-0 · Cited by 111 · see citing works

User participation in the reasoning processes of expert systems

Pollack, M. E., Hirschberg, J., & Webber, B. (1982) · National Conference on Artificial Intelligence · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Explaining and Justifying Expert Consulting Programs

Swartout, W. (1985) · Computers and medicine · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5108-8_15 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

An overview of the Penman text generation system

Mann, W. C. (1983) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 97 · see citing works

A reactive approach to explanation in expert and advice-giving systems

Moore, J. D., Estrin, G., & Flowers, M. (1989) · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Building a user model implicitly from a cooperative advisory dialog

Kass, R. (1991) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/bf00141081 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

A model for generating better explanations

van Beek, P. (1987) · Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) · doi:10.3115/981175.981205 · Cited by 48 · see citing works

An overview of the Nigel text generation grammar

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Exploiting user feedback to compensate for the unreliability of user models

Moore, J. D., & Paris, C. L. (1992) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/bf01101108 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

GENERATING TEXT WITHOUT TREES

Sibun, P. (1992) · Computational Intelligence · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1992.tb00340.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works

A task‐appropriate hybrid architecture for explanation

Suthers, D. D. (1991) · Computational Intelligence · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1991.tb00404.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Active acquisition of user models: Implications for decision-theoretic dialog planning and plan recognition

Wu, D. (1991) · User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction · doi:10.1007/bf00154476 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Realism About User Modeling

Jones, K. S. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83230-7_12 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Responding to :20HUH?”: answering vaguely articulated follow-up questions

Moore, J. D. (1989) · doi:10.1145/67449.67469 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Explanations in knowledge systems: the roles of the task structure and domain functional models

Tanner, M. C., & Keuneke, A. M. (1991) · IEEE Expert · doi:10.1109/64.87685 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

A DIGITALIS THERAPY ADVISOR

Silverman, H. D. (1975) · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Learning the User’s Language: A Step Towards Automated Creation of User Models

Lehman, J. F., & Carbonell, J. G. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-83230-7_7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Taking the initiative in natural language data base interactions

Webber, B., & Joshi, A. K. (1982) · International Conference on Computational Linguistics · doi:10.3115/991813.991879 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Generating goal-oriented explanations

McKeown, K. R. (1988) · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Exploiting user expertise in answer expression

Chin, D. N. (1988) · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Providing responses specific to a user's goals and background

Cohen, R. A., Jones, M., Sanmugasunderam, A., et al. (1989) · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Generating a User Model from Wh-Questions in the VIE-Lang System.

Kobsa, A. (1983) · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Responding to :20HUH?”: answering vaguely articulated follow-up questions

Moore, J. D. (1989) · ACM SIGCHI Bulletin · doi:10.1145/67450.67469 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Modular incremental modelling of belief and intention

Bunt, H. (1990) · Tilburg University Research Portal · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Selective abstraction of AI system activity

Pavlin, J., & Corkill, D. D. (1984) · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Explanation in artificial intelligence: Insights from the social sciences

Miller, T. (2019) · Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.artint.2018.07.007 · Cited by 5,302 · see citing works

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): What we know and what is left to attain Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence

Ali, S., Abuhmed, T., El-Sappagh, S., Muhammad, K., Alonso-Moral, J. M., Confalonieri, R., Guidotti, R., Del Ser, J., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., & Herrera, F. (2023) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101805 · Cited by 1,762 · see citing works

Explaining Deep Neural Networks and Beyond: A Review of Methods and Applications

Samek, W., Montavon, G., Lapuschkin, S., Anders, C. J., & Muller, K.-R. (2021) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2021.3060483 · Cited by 1,477 · see citing works

Explainable artificial intelligence: a comprehensive review

Minh, D., Wang, H. X., Li, Y. F., & Nguyen, T. N. (2022) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-021-10088-y · Cited by 983 · see citing works

From Anecdotal Evidence to Quantitative Evaluation Methods: A Systematic Review on Evaluating Explainable AI

Nauta, M., Trienes, J., Pathak, S., Nguyen, E., Peters, M., Schmitt, Y., Schlötterer, J., van Keulen, M., & Seifert, C. (2023) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3583558 · Cited by 590 · see citing works

The perils and pitfalls of explainable AI: Strategies for explaining algorithmic decision-making

de Bruijn, H., Warnier, M., & Janssen, M. (2022) · Government Information Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.giq.2021.101666 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

Explanation in Case-Based Reasoning—Perspectives and Goals

Sørmo, F., Cassens, J., & Aamodt, A. (2005) · Artificial Intelligence Review · doi:10.1007/s10462-005-4607-7 · Cited by 239 · see citing works

Trust calibration within a human-robot team: Comparing automatically generated explanations

Wang, N., Pynadath, D. V., & Hill, S. G. (2016) · 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) · doi:10.1109/hri.2016.7451741 · Cited by 220 · see citing works

Contrastive explanation: a structural-model approach

Miller, T. (2021) · The Knowledge Engineering Review · doi:10.1017/s0269888921000102 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Explainable AI is Dead, Long Live Explainable AI!: Hypothesis-driven Decision Support using Evaluative AI

Miller, T. (2023) · 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness Accountability and Transparency · doi:10.1145/3593013.3594001 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Explainable Agency for Intelligent Autonomous Systems

Langley, P., Meadows, B., Sridharan, M., & Choi, D. (2017) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v31i2.19108 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Explainable goal-driven agents and robots-a comprehensive review

Sado, F., Loo, C. K., Liew, W. S., Kerzel, M., & Wermter, S. (2023) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3564240 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Process Mining: A General Overview and Application of a Novel Local Explanation Approach for Predictive Process Monitoring

Mehdiyev, N., & Fettke, P. (2021) · Studies in Computational Intelligence · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-64949-4_1 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Design and Evaluation of Explainable BDI Agents

Harbers, M., van den Bosch, K., & Meyer, J.-J. (2010) · 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology · doi:10.1109/wi-iat.2010.115 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Using ethnography in the design of an explanation system

Forsythe, D. E. (1995) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/0957-4174(94)e0032-p · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Explainable, Normative, and Justified Agency

Langley, P. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019775 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Research and Application of NN Method on Pumpcrete Expert System

Pan, H. (2004) · Microcomputer Development

Study on Variability in Field Experiments of Bhal and Coastal Zone Crops and Development Yardstick

Motaka, G. N., Darji, V. B., Parmar, D. J., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management · doi:10.23910/ijbsm/2017.8.3.1610a

Using Binary Large Field to Save all Documents Method

Lu, X. (2012) · Computer Knowledge and Technology

APPLICATION OF EXPERT SYSTEMS IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICAL MACHINE

Qian, F. (1990) · Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy

Research status and problems of expert systems in agricultural mechanization field

Wang, F. (2007) · Dongbei Nongye Daxue xuebao · Cited by 1 · see citing works