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Cited by 274Motor Control and AdaptationTactile and Sensory InteractionsMuscle activation and electromyography studies

Somatosensory control of precision grip during unpredictable pulling loads: I. Changes in load force amplitude

Johansson, Roland S., Riso, Ronald, Häger, Charlotte, Bäckström, Lars·1992·Experimental Brain Research
DOI 10.1007/bf00229015
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Abstract

In manipulating 'passive' objects, for which the physical properties are stable and therefore predictable, information essential for the adaptation of the motor output to the properties of the current object is principally based on 'anticipatory parameter control' using sensorimotor memories, i.e., an internal representation of the object's properties based on previous manipulative experiences. Somatosensory afferent signals only intervene intermittently according to an 'event driven' control policy. The present study is the first in a series concerning the control of precision grip when manipulating 'active' objects that exert unpredictable forces which cannot be adequately represented in a sensorimotor memory. Consequently, the manipulation may be more reliant on a moment-to-moment sensory control. Subjects who were prevented from seeing the hand used the precision grip to restrain a manipulandum with two parallel grip surfaces attached to a force motor which produced distally directed (pulling) loads tangential to the finger tips. The trapezoidal load profiles consisted of a loading phase (4 N/s), plateau phase and an unloading phase (4 N/s) returning the load force to zero. Three force amplitudes were delivered in an unpredictable sequence; 1 N, 2 N and 4 N. In addition, trials with higher load rate (32 N/s) at a low amplitude (0.7 N), were superimposed on various background loads. The movement of the manipulandum, the load forces and grip forces (normal to the grip surfaces) were recorded at each finger. The grip force automatically changed with the load force during the loading and unloading phases. However, the grip responses were initiated after a brief delay. The response to the loading phase was characterized by an initial fast force increase termed the 'catch-up' response, which apparently compensated for the response delay--the grip force adequately matched the current load demands by the end of the catch-up response. In ramps with longer lasting loading phases (amplitude greater than or equal to 2 N) the catch-up response was followed by a 'tracking' response, during which the grip force increased in parallel with load force and maintained an approximately constant force ratio that prevented frictional slips. The grip force during the hold phase was linearly related to the load force, with an intercept close to the grip force used prior to the loading. Likewise, the grip force responses evoked by the fast loadings superimposed on existing loads followed the same linear relationship.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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  • With the current participant, these scores were only exceeded when ICMS-evoked tactile feedback was provided, suggesting that without artificial tactile feedback, control is impaired, much as it is when tactile sensations are absent in people with otherwise normal motor control capabilities.

    “With the current participant, these scores were only exceeded when ICMS-evoked tactile feedback was provided (Fig. 2A), suggesting that without artificial tactile feedback, control is impaired, much as it is when tactile sensations are absent in people with otherwise normal motor control capabilities (13, 29).”

    From A brain-computer interface that evokes tactile sensations improves robotic arm control (2021) · cites this paper as [29]

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Authors
Johansson, R. S., Riso, R., Häger, C., & Bäckström, L.
Affiliations
Umeå University (SE)
ORCID
Venue
Experimental Brain Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1992-04
Volume
89
Issue
1
Pages
181-191
ISSN
  • 0014-4819 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-1106
DOI
10.1007/bf00229015
OpenAlex
W2068866579
Cited by
274
References
88
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
FWCI
6.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Experimental Brain Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ns027456-03)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 27456)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords
precision grip, grip force, active objects, sensorimotor memory, force ratio, frictional slip, response latency
MeSH terms
Adult, Afferent Pathways, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Female, Hand, Humans, Male, Muscles, Regression Analysis, Stress, Mechanical

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