A classification of citation roles for the social sciences and related fields
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Peritz (1983) found only 3.7% of perfunctory mentions among citations to 106 articles in five journals in different fields.
“The only exception to these high proportions of perfunctory citations comes from a study by Peritz (1983) who found only 3.7% of perfunctory mentions among the citations to 106 articles published in fi ve journals in different fi elds.”
From Unraveling scientific impact: Citation types in marketing journals (2015) · cites this paper as Peritz (1983)
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- Authors
- Peritz, B. C.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Peritz, Bluma C.
- Venue
- Scientometrics
- Published
- 1983-09
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 303-312
- ISSN
- 0138-9130 (ISSN-L)
- 1588-2861
- OpenAlex
- W2161564750
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Scientometrics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › scientometrics and bibliometrics research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Academic Writing and Publishing
- Keywords
- citation classification, citation analysis, social sciences, demography, librarianship
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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