The Evolution of the MAP Kinase Pathways: Coduplication of Interacting Proteins Leads to New Signaling Cascades
Abstract
The MAP-kinase pathways are intracellular signaling modules that are likely to exist in all eukaryotes. We provide an evolutionary model for these signaling pathways by focusing on the gene duplications that have occurred since the divergence of animals from yeast. Construction of evolutionary trees with confidence assessed by bootstrap clearly shows that the mammalian JNK and p38 pathways arose from an ancestral hyperosmolarity pathway after the split from yeast and before the split from C. elegans. These coduplications of interacting proteins at the MAPK and MEK levels have since evolved toward substrate specificity, thus giving distinct pathways. Mammalian duplications since the split from C. elegans are often associated with divergent tissue distribution but do not appear to confer detectable substrate specificity. The yeast kinase cascades have undergone similar fundamental functional changes since the split from mammals, with duplications giving rise to central signaling components of the filamentous and hypoosmolarity pathways. Experimentally defined cross-talk between yeast pheromone and hyperosmolarity pathways is mirrored with corresponding cross-talk in mammalian pathways, suggesting the existence of ancient orthologous cross-talk; our analysis of gene duplications at all levels of the cascade is consistent with this model but does not always provide significant bootstrap support. Our data also provide insights at different levels of the cascade where conflicting experimental evidence exists.
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The docking grooves of paralogous MAPKs are highly similar, likely because of duplication events and because ERK2, p38α, and JNK1 share about 40-50% sequence identity.
“The docking grooves of paralogous MAPKs show a high degree of similarity, likely because each major group of MAPKs in animals - typical MAPKs such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2; c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs); p38s; ERK5; and atypical MAPKs such as ERK3, 4, and 7 - emerged through whole genome or individual gene duplication events and because three members of this family - ER”
From Specificity of Linear Motifs That Bind to a Common Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Docking Groove (2012) · cites this paper as [11]
MAPKs represent a paradigm for understanding how specificity in cellular signaling can be achieved with enzymes that share a common origin.
“MAPKs represent a paradigm for understanding how specificity in cellular signaling can be achieved with enzymes that share a common origin (11).”
From Specificity of Linear Motifs That Bind to a Common Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Docking Groove (2012) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Caffrey, D. R., O'Neill, L. A. J., & Shields, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (IE)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Evolution
- Published
- 1999-11
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 567-582
- ISSN
- 0022-2844 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2127534631
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- MAPK signaling, gene duplication, JNK signaling, p38 pathway, pheromone signaling, pathway crosstalk, substrate specificity, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, mammalian evolution
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Mammals, Models, Genetic, Osmosis, Pheromones, Phylogeny, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Spores, Fungal, Substrate Specificity, Signal Transduction, Caenorhabditis elegans, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Oxidative Stress, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Duplication, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases, MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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