The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Media use and depression: exposure, household rules, and symptoms among young adolescents in the USA
Open accessAbstract
Objectives To determine the longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between different types of electronic media use (mobile phones, TV, computers, video games, and music) and young adolescents' depressive symptoms, and to explore the potential for household media rules to reduce young people's depression.Methods 126 young adolescents were recruited from the Northeastern USA. Each type of media use was assessed using survey questions, time use diaries, and ecological momentary assessment. The Beck Depression Index for Primary Care was administered at baseline and 1 year later as part of a questionnaire that also included items assessing the presence of household rules about TV and video games.Results Baseline use of mobile phones and TV viewing were associated with higher levels of depression 1 year later controlling for demographic information and baseline depression score. Having household rules about TV at baseline predicted lower levels of depression at follow-up.Conclusions Both TV viewing and mobile phone use may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. Implementing household rules about the duration and content of TV could help reduce depression in young adolescents.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“First, all included studies utilised self-report or parent-reported measures of both screen time and mental health outcomes; no studies meeting the inclusion criteria utilised clinician-rated measures of mental health, and only one study utilised EMA to measure screen time (Bickham et al., 2015).”
From The relationship between screen time and mental health in young people: A systematic review of longitudinal studies (2021) · cites this paper as Bickham et al., 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 · Cited by 4,793 · cited 2×
“tigations found that time spent online was associated with loneliness, isolation, and depression (Kraut et al. 1998), but follow-up work showed that negative effects diminish over time and demonstrated some positive effects on well-being (Kraut et al.”
BackgroundKraut, R. E., Kiesler, S. B., Boneva, B. S., Cummings, J. N., Helgeson, V. S., & Crawford, A. M. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00248 · Cited by 2,367 · cited 1×
“Initially, investigations found that time spent online was associated with loneliness, isolation, and depression (Kraut et al. 1998), but follow-up work showed that negative effects diminish over time and demonstrated some positive effects on well-being (Kraut et al. 2002).”
BackgroundMeasuring the Functional Components of Social Support
Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985) · Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_5 · Cited by 2,296 · cited 1×
“Theories of social support, however, indicate that communications through mobile phones may not cultivate the strong social bonds that reduce stress and lead to positive psychological outcomes (Cohen et al. 1985).”
BackgroundGeneration M2: Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-Year-Olds
Foehr, U. G., Rideout, V. J., & Roberts, D. F. (2010) · Cited by 2,197
Generation M2 : Media in the Lives of 8- to 18-year-olds
Rideout, V. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,016
Thomée, S., Härenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-66 · Cited by 1,269 · cited 4×
“Similarly, the mobile phone results correspond with evidence that heavy mobile phone users are more likely to suffer from depression (Augner and Hacker 2012; Sanchez-Martinez and Otero 2009; Thomée et al. 2011; Yen et al. 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSocial Comparison and the Idealized Images of Advertising
Richins, M. L. (1991) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/209242 · Cited by 962 · cited 1×
“Advertising research does indicate that the representation of attractive people leading exciting and idealized lifestyles may invite social comparison and contribute to dissatisfaction with oneself (Richins 1991).”
BackgroundChildren, Adolescents, and the Media
Strasburger, V. C., Hogan, M. J., Mulligan, D. A., Ameenuddin, N., Christakis, D., Cross, C., Fagbuyi, D. B., Hill, D. L., Levine, A. E., McCarthy, C., et al. (2013) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2656 · Cited by 925
Ybarra, M. L., Diener-West, M., & Leaf, P. J. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.09.004 · Cited by 775 · cited 1×
“In the realm of cyberbullying, experts often point to the constant connectivity of mobile phones as a contributor to the intensity of this type of harassment (Law et al. 2012; Ybarra et al. 2007).”
BackgroundBeck, A. T., Guth, D., Steer, R. A., & Ball, R. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)00025-9 · Cited by 733 · cited 4×
“Participants’ depression was assessed using six items from the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (Beck et al. 1997).”
MethodResultInfluential
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sánchez, C., Estévez-López, F., Muñoz, N. E., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Migueles, J. H., Molina-García, P., Henriksson, H., Mena-Molina, A., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., et al. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5 · Cited by 1,360
Hoare, E., Milton, K., Foster, C., & Allender, S. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4 · Cited by 616
“…✔ Mathers et al. (2009) 925 ✔ ✔ ✔ Messias et al. (2011) 29,941 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Nihill et al. (2013) 357 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Pantic et al. (2011) 1860 ✔ ✔ Park (2009) 3449 ✔ ✔ Robinson et al. (2011) 1860 ✔ ✔ Trinh et al. (2015) 2,660 ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Ybarra et al. (2005) 1501 ✔ ✔ Young et al. (2013) 136,589 ✔ ✔…”
BackgroundInfluentialShensa, A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Sidani, J. E., Bowman, N. D., Marshal, M. P., & Primack, B. A. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.03.061 · Cited by 469
Oswald, T. K., Rumbold, A. R., Kedzior, S. G. E., & Moore, V. M. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237725 · Cited by 367
Thomée, S. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15122692 · Cited by 370
“Two studies included a procedure where participants responded to questions about activity, including mobile phone use, several times per day on a given signal [26,95].”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Bickham, D. S., Hswen, Y., & Rich, M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bickham, David S.
- Venue
- International Journal of Public Health
- Published
- 2015-01-14
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-155
- ISSN
- 1661-8556 (ISSN-L)
- 1661-8564
- PMC
- PMC4375733
- OpenAlex
- W2002043486
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 38.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- International Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD054734)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- media use, depression, depressive symptoms, early adolescents, mobile phone use, television viewing, video games, computer use, music listening, screen time, time use, ecological momentary assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Child, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Media, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, Parenting, Risk Assessment, Video Games, Cell Phone, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
