Cited by 134Impact of Technology on AdolescentsChild Development and Digital TechnologyChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Media use and depression: exposure, household rules, and symptoms among young adolescents in the USA

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Bickham, David S., Hswen, Yulin, Rich, Michael·2015·International Journal of Public Health

DOI 10.1007/s00038-014-0647-6PMC PMC4375733

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Abstract

Objectives To determine the longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between different types of electronic media use (mobile phones, TV, computers, video games, and music) and young adolescents' depressive symptoms, and to explore the potential for household media rules to reduce young people's depression.Methods 126 young adolescents were recruited from the Northeastern USA. Each type of media use was assessed using survey questions, time use diaries, and ecological momentary assessment. The Beck Depression Index for Primary Care was administered at baseline and 1 year later as part of a questionnaire that also included items assessing the presence of household rules about TV and video games.Results Baseline use of mobile phones and TV viewing were associated with higher levels of depression 1 year later controlling for demographic information and baseline depression score. Having household rules about TV at baseline predicted lower levels of depression at follow-up.Conclusions Both TV viewing and mobile phone use may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. Implementing household rules about the duration and content of TV could help reduce depression in young adolescents.

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Is the relationship between parental abuse and mobile phone dependency (MPD) contingent across neighborhood characteristics? A multilevel analysis of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey
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“A study showed that excessive mobile phone use may contribute to depression among adolescents in the Northeast United States (Bickham et al., 2015).”
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Texting as a multidimensional behavior: Individual differences and measurement of texting behaviors.
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“Bickham et al. (2015) Developing depressive symptoms may be associated with increased time using mobile phones.”
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Assessment of academic/non-academic factors and extracurricular activities influencing performance of medical students of faculty of medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
Haque, M., Rahman, N. A., Majumder, M. A., Rahman, N. I., Haque, S. Z., Zulkifli, Z., Lugova, H., Musa, R., & Alattraqchi, A. G. (2018) · Advances in Human Biology · doi:10.4103/aihb.aihb_28_17 · Cited by 12
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“One study concurrently used three different methods to measure ST (i) 24-h time-use diaries, (ii) a behavioural recall questionnaire for typical ST use during the school day and weekend and (iii) Ecological Momentary Assessment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Associations of parental attitudes and health behaviors with children’s screen time over four years
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“Other measurements for people’s health behaviors are suggested for future usage to diminish this bias, such as the 24-Hour Diary and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) [34, 35].”
Background
Readdressing the Ongoing Challenge of Missing Data in Youth Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies: Meta-Analysis Update
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Prospective Association Between Video and Computer Game Use During Adolescence and Incidence of Metabolic Health Risks: Secondary Data Analysis
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“Many studies have shown that media use, such as social media, video games, TV and movies was related to the development of public depression [18–22].”
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Forecasting Mental Stress Using Machine Learning Algorithms
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“1% of American adults had a major depressive episode in 2017, with young people being the most severely affected [3,4].”
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Self-citation
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“This can be further applied by general health care providers who can educate parents on techniques to implement household rules regarding digital media usage as this has empirically shown to reduce depression (Bickham et al., 2015).”
Background
The Effect of Social Media Use on Depression in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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“Furthermore, evidence suggests that such measures can be a potential risk factor for depression [6].”
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Gong, F., Yi, P., Yu, L., Fan, S., Gao, G., Jin, Y., Zeng, L., Li, Y., & Feei, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1070774 · Cited by 5
“Previous studies have shown that the use of media, such as social media, video games, TV, and movies, is related to the development of public depression (Kross et al., 2013; Bickham et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016; Holfeld and Sukhawathanakul, 2017).”
Background
Problematic Smartphone Use Is Associated With Current and Previous Major Depressive Disorder
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“22 High mobile phone use is associated with depressive symptoms one year later among adolescents 53 and young adults.”
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Fatores de risco associados a sintomas depressivos em adolescentes de um município de pequeno porte
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What difference does ‘the digital’ make to children’s experiences of risk?
Livingstone, S. (2015) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0661-3 · Cited by 3
“Bickham et al. (2015) report that higher use of mobile phones and television viewing is associated, 1 year later, with greater levels of depression among teenagers (even controlling for demographic factors; see also Hemphill et al. 2015).”
Background

Authors: Bickham, D. S., Hswen, Y., & Rich, M.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author: Bickham, David S.
ORCID: Bickham, David S.
Hswen, Yulin
Rich, Michael
Venue: International Journal of Public Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-01-14
Volume: 60
Issue: 2
Pages: 147-155
ISSN: 1661-8556 (ISSN-L)
1661-8564
DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0647-6
PMC: PMC4375733
OpenAlex: W2002043486
Cited by: 134
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4
FWCI: 38.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: International Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD054734)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: media use, depression, depressive symptoms, early adolescents, mobile phone use, television viewing, video games, computer use, music listening, screen time, time use, ecological momentary assessment
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Child, Computers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Family Characteristics, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Media, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Time Factors, United States, Parenting, Risk Assessment, Video Games, Cell Phone, Sedentary Behavior

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Media use and depression: exposure, household rules, and symptoms among young adolescents in the USA

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