Cited by 616Physical Activity and HealthImpact of Technology on AdolescentsChild Development and Digital Technology

The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review

Open access
Hoare, Erin, Milton, Karen, Foster, Charlie, Allender, Steven·2016·International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Abstract

BACKGROUND: With technological developments and modernised sedentary lifestyles has come an increase in diseases associated with inactivity such as obesity and other non-communicable diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that time spent sedentary may also interact with mental health. This systematic review examined the associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health problems among adolescents. METHODS: This systematic review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, and applied a quality assessment tool for quantitative studies to identity best available evidence. Following stringent search strategy of the databases; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Global Health, Health Source: Nursing and Academic Edition, MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES and PsycINFO, we identified 32 articles eligible for review. RESULTS: All studies reported leisure screen time among adolescents, and two thirds of identified studies examined depressive symptomatology. Other mental health measures were; anxiety symptoms, self-esteem, suicide ideation, loneliness, stress, and psychological distress. Strong consistent evidence was found for the relationship between both depressive symptomatology and psychological distress, and time spent using screens for leisure. Moderate evidence supported the relationship between low self-esteem and screen use. Poorer mental health status was found among adolescents using screen time more than 2-3 h per day, and gender differences exist. Essential information was missing for quality of evidence including heterogeneity in mental health and screen time-based measures, and self-report data collection methods. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are of particular significance given the global public health concern of lifestyle-attributed diseases and the possibility for novel approaches to mental health. Future research should examine the psychological impact of reducing time spent using screens for leisure among adolescents, whilst accounting for possible confounding factors such as physical activity and dietary behaviours. It is critical that the reciprocal relationship between lifestyle behaviours and mental health is represented in both the psychiatric and public health forum.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1186/s12966-016-0432-4

Cites

80 of 80 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • More screen time has been associated with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in several systematic reviews.

    “More screen time has been associated with depressive symptoms among children and adolescents in several systematic reviews [11, 12, 43–50].”
  • The results of the current review largely align with past systematic reviews, which have concluded that there is a positive association between screen time and depressive symptoms, and a weak association between screen time and both anxiety and self-esteem.

    “The results of the current review largely align with past systematic reviews, which have concluded that there is a positive association between screen time and depressive symptoms (Hoare et al., 2016;Liu et al., 2016;Stiglic & Viner, 2019;Wang et al., 2019), and a weak association between screen time and both anxiety and self-esteem (Stiglic & Viner, 2019).”
  • Positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, but much of the work to date is cross-sectional.

    “While positive associations between screen-based sedentary behaviors and emotional disorder symptoms have been previously identified, much of the work to date is cross-sectional (Hoare et al., 2016; Teychenne et al., 2015)”
  • The accumulation of as little as 2 h of screen-time per day can be associated with depressive or anxiety disorder symptoms in youth.

    “However, the accumulation of as little as 2 h of screen-time per day can be associated with depressive or anxiety (emotional) disorder symptoms in youth (Kremer et al., 2014; Hoare et al., 2016; Katon et al., 2010)”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Hoare, E., Milton, K., Foster, C., & Allender, S.
Affiliations
  • Deakin University (AU)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Hoare, Erin
Venue
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Published
2016-10-08
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
108-108
ISSN
1479-5868 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2529138009
Cited by
616
References
80
Citations by year
2026: 54 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 85 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
FWCI
3.64
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
  • Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
Keywords
sedentary behavior, adolescent mental health, leisure screen time, depressive symptoms, psychological distress, self-esteem, suicidal ideation, loneliness, anxiety, gender differences, lifestyle-related diseases
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Computers, Depression, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Male, Mental Health, Self Concept, Stress, Psychological, Television, Exercise, Video Games, Internet, Sedentary Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review