Mental time-travel, semantic flexibility, and A.I. ethics
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Abstract
This article argues that existing approaches to programming ethical AI fail to resolve a serious moral-semantic trilemma, generating interpretations of ethical requirements that are either too semantically strict, too semantically flexible, or overly unpredictable. This paper then illustrates the trilemma utilizing a recently proposed 'general ethical dilemma analyzer', GenEth. Finally, it uses empirical evidence to argue that human beings resolve the semantic trilemma using general cognitive and motivational processes involving ‘mental time-travel’, whereby we simulate different possible pasts and futures. I demonstrate how mental time-travel psychology leads us to resolve the semantic trilemma through a six-step process of interpersonal negotiation and renegotiation, and then conclude by showing how comparative advantages in processing power would plausibly cause AI to use similar processes to solve the semantic trilemma more reliably than we do, leading AI to make better moral semantic choices than humans do by our very own lights.
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Almost all tools and methods highlighted in the typology are either too semantically strict, too semantically flexible, or overly unpredictable.
“as almost all tools and methods highlighted in the typology are either too semantically strict, too semantically flexible, or overly unpredictable (Arvan 2018).”
From From What to How: An Initial Review of Publicly Available AI Ethics Tools, Methods and Research to Translate Principles into Practices (2020) · cites this paper as Arvan 2018
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- Authors
- Arvan, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tampa (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arvan, Marcus
- ORCID
- Arvan, Marcus
- Venue
- AI & SOCIETY
- Published
- 2018-05-18
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2577-2596
- ISSN
- 0951-5666 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-5655
- OpenAlex
- W2803395457
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- AI & Society (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Keywords
- mental time travel, semantic flexibility, ethical AI, AI ethics, interpersonal negotiation, moral reasoning
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