The US Gravimetric Geoid of 2009 (USGG2009): model development and evaluation
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Absolute geopotential determination can best be performed by using GNSS to measure ellipsoidal height with <1 cm uncertainty and accounting for gravity by using a geoid model with several cm uncertainty.
“absolute geopotential determination can best be performed by using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to measure ellipsoidal height (<1 cm uncertainty) and accounting for gravity by using a geoid model (several cm uncertainty) 20,21 .”
From Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
Cites
Global Bathymetry and Elevation Data at 30 Arc Seconds Resolution: SRTM30_PLUS
Becker, J. J., Sandwell, D. T., Smith, W. H. F., Braud, J., Binder, B. A., Depner, J., Fabre, D., Factor, J., Ingalls, S., Kim, S.-H., et al. (2009) · Marine Geodesy · doi:10.1080/01490410903297766 · Cited by 1,563 · see citing works
(2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_10674 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Sandwell, D. T., & Smith, W. H. F. (2009) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jb006008 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
GGM02 – An improved Earth gravity field model from GRACE
Tapley, B. D., Ries, J., Bettadpur, S. V., Chambers, D. P., Cheng, M., Condi, F., Gunter, B. C., Kang, Z., Nagel, P., Pastor, R., et al. (2005) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-005-0480-z · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Forsberg, R. (1984) · doi:10.21236/ada150788 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Tscherning, C. C. (1982) · Eos · doi:10.1029/eo063i021p00514-03 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
DNSC08 mean sea surface and mean dynamic topography models
Andersen, O., & Knudsen, P. (2009) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jc005179 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Accuracy of Geoid Heights from Modified Stokes Kernels
Wong, L., & Gore, R. C. (1969) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1969.tb00264.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
The SRTM Data “Finishing” Process and Products
Slater, J. A., Garvey, G., Johnston, C., Haase, J., Heady, B., Kroenung, G., & Little, J. (2006) · Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing · doi:10.14358/pers.72.3.237 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Haagmans, R., de Min, E., & von Geideren, M. (1993) · Manuscripta geodetica. · doi:10.1007/bf03655315 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The topographic bias by analytical continuation in physical geodesy
Sjöberg, L. E. (2006) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-006-0112-2 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
The Canadian geoid — Stokesian approach
Vaníček, P., & Kleusberg, A. (1987) · Manuscripta geodetica. · doi:10.1007/bf03655117 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
An analysis of vertical deflections derived from high-degree spherical harmonic models
Jekeli, C. (1999) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s001900050213 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Wang, Y. M. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jc000470 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationTopographic effects by the Stokes-Helmert method of geoid and quasi-geoid determinations
Sjöberg, L. E. (2000) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s001900050284 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
GEOID99 and G99SSS: 1-arc-minute geoid models for the United States
Smith, D. A., & Roman, D. R. (2001) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s001900100200 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationThe GEOID96 high-resolution geoid height model for the United States
Smith, D. A., & Milbert, D. G. (1999) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s001900050239 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A solution to the downward continuation effect on the geoid determined by Stokes' formula
Sj�berg, L. E. (2003) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-002-0306-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
On Helmert?s methods of condensation
Heck, B. (2003) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-003-0318-5 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Higher-degree reference field in the generalized Stokes-Helmert scheme for geoid computation
Vaníček, P., Najafi, M., Martinec, Z., Harrie, L., & Sjöberg, L. E. (1995) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/bf00943693 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The Stokes-Helmert scheme for the evaluation of a precise geoid
Vaníček, P., & Martinec, Z. (1994) · Manuscripta geodetica. · doi:10.1007/bf03655333 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
On Helmert’s 2nd condensation method
Martinec, Z., Ctirad Matyska, A., Grafarend, E. W., & Vaníček, P. (1993) · Manuscripta geodetica. · doi:10.1007/bf03655347 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Assessment of the New National Geoid Height Model, GEOID03
Wang, Y. M., Hamilton, J., Roman, D. R., & Henning, W. E. (2004) · Surveying and land information science: journal of the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationA new theory of gravimetric geodesy
Bjerhammar, A. (1965) · Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica · doi:10.1007/bf02607317 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
On the Errors of spherical Harmonic Developments of Gravity at the Surface of the Earth.
Sjoeberg, L. (1977) · doi:10.21236/ada052713 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Terrain effects on geoid undulation computations
Wang, Y. M., & Rapp, R. H. (1990) · Manuscripta geodetica. · doi:10.1007/bf03655386 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of downward continuation of gravity anomaly to sea level in Stokes' formula
Sjöberg, L. E. (2001) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s001900000143 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wang, Y. M. (1997) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s001900050076 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationGulf of Mexico Monitoring System
Blaha, J. P., Born, G. H., Guinasso, N. L., Herring, J., Jacobs, G. A., Kelley, F. M., Leban, R., Martin, R., Mellor, G. L., Niiler, P., et al. (2000) · Oceanography · doi:10.5670/oceanog.2000.28 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gulf of Mexico Ocean Monitoring System
Herring, H. J., Blaha, J. P., Born, G. H., Guinasso, N. L., Jacobs, G. A., Kelly, F. J., Leben, R. R., Martín, R. D., Mellor, G. L., & Niiler, P. P. (1998) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The effect of topography on the determination of the geoid using analytical downward continuation
Wang, Y. M. (1990) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/bf02519178 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Atomic clock performance enabling geodesy below the centimetre level
McGrew, W. F., Zhang, X., Fasano, R. J., Schäffer, S. A., Beloy, K., Nicolodi, D., Brown, R. C., Hinkley, N., Milani, G., Schioppo, M., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0738-2 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
Regional Gravity Field Modeling: Theory and Practical Results
Denker, H. (2013) · Sciences of Geodesy - II · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28000-9_5 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Canadian gravimetric geoid model 2010
Huang, J., & Veronneau, M. (2013) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-013-0645-0 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Smith, D. A., Holmes, S. A., Li, X., Guillaume, S., Wang, Y. M., Bürki, B., Roman, D. R., & Damiani, T. M. (2013) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-013-0653-0 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationIntercontinental height datum connection with GOCE and GPS-levelling data
Gruber, T., Gerlach, C., & Haagmans, R. (2012) · Journal of Geodetic Science · doi:10.2478/v10156-012-0001-y · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A Geoid Slope Validation Survey (2017) in the rugged terrain of Colorado, USA
van Westrum, D., Ahlgren, K., Hirt, C., & Guillaume, S. (2021) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-020-01463-8 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Jiang, T., & Wang, Y. M. (2016) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-016-0932-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, Y., Zhou, H., Zhong, B., & Luo, Z. (2017) · Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth · doi:10.1002/2017jb014196 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Deterministic, stochastic, hybrid and band-limited modifications of Hotine’s integral
Featherstone, W. E. (2013) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-013-0612-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kaloop, M. R., Zaki, A., Al-Ajami, H., & Rabah, M. (2019) · Survey Review · doi:10.1080/00396265.2019.1665615 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The GBVP approach for vertical datum unification: Recent results in North America
Amjadiparvar, B., Rangelova, E., & Sideris, M. G. (2016) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-015-0855-8 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Using radial basis functions in airborne gravimetry for local geoid improvement
Li, X. (2017) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-017-1074-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationJiang, T., Dang, Y., & Zhang, C. (2020) · Earth Planets and Space · doi:10.1186/s40623-020-01287-y · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Error analysis of the NGS’ surface gravity database
Saleh, J., Li, X., Wang, Y. M., Roman, D. R., & Smith, D. A. (2012) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-012-0589-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationSignal and error assessment of GOCE-based high resolution gravity field models
Gruber, T., & Willberg, M. (2019) · Journal of Geodetic Science · doi:10.1515/jogs-2019-0008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Luo, Z., Chen, W., & Chen, Y. (2017) · Earth Planets and Space · doi:10.1186/s40623-017-0618-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Determining Coastal Mean Dynamic Topography by Geodetic Methods
Huang, J. (2017) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2017gl076020 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Märdla, S., Ågren, J., Strykowski, G., Oja, T., Ellmann, A., Forsberg, R., Bilker‐Koivula, M., Omang, O. C. D., Paršeliūnas, E. K., Liepiņš, I., et al. (2017) · Marine Geodesy · doi:10.1080/01490419.2017.1326428 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The apparent British sea slope is caused by systematic errors in the levelling-based vertical datum
Penna, N. T., Featherstone, W. E., Gazeaux, J., & Bingham, R. J. (2013) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1093/gji/ggt161 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Lin, M., & Li, X. (2022) · Surveys in Geophysics · doi:10.1007/s10712-022-09708-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y. M., & Yang, X. (2013) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-013-0654-z · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional gravity field modeling using free-positioned point masses
Lin, M., Denker, H., & Müller, J. (2014) · Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica · doi:10.1007/s11200-013-1145-7 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A re-evaluation of the relativistic redshift on frequency standards at NIST, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Pavlis, N. K., & Weiss, M. A. (2017) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/1681-7575/aa765c · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Colorado geoid modeling at the US National Geodetic Survey
Wang, Y. M., Li, X., Ahlgren, K., & Krcmaric, J. (2020) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-020-01429-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationBucha, B., & Sansò, F. (2021) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-021-01493-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Indirect evaluation of Mars Gravity Model 2011 using a replication experiment on Earth
Hirt, C., Claessens, S. J., Kühn, M., & Featherstone, W. E. (2012) · Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica · doi:10.1007/s11200-011-0468-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jekeli, C., Yang, H. J., & Kwon, J. H. (2013) · Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying Geodesy Photogrammetry and Cartography · doi:10.7848/ksgpc.2013.31.6-2.567 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Luo, Z., Zhong, B., & Xu, C. (2018) · Geoscientific model development · doi:10.5194/gmd-11-4797-2018 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Towards the Unification of the Vertical Datum Over the North American Continent
Smith, D. A., Veronneau, M., Roman, D. R., Huang, J., Wang, Y. M., & Sideris, M. G. (2012) · International Association of Geodesy symposia · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_36 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Z., Tian, Y., Xiong, W., Liang, Y., Li, K., Tan, S., Yang, X., & Li, N. (2024) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2024.03.017 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Derivation of the Topographic Potential from Global DEM Models
Gruber, C., Novák, P., Flechtner, F., & Barthelmes, F. (2013) · International Association of Geodesy symposia · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_71 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Regional geoid-model-based vertical datums – some Australian perspectives
Featherstone, W. E., Filmer, M. S., Claessens, S. J., Kühn, M., Hirt, C., & Kirby, J. F. (2012) · Journal of Geodetic Science · doi:10.2478/v10156-012-0006-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Evolution of NAD 83 in the United States: Journey from 2D toward 4D
Snay, R. A. (2012) · Journal of Surveying Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000083 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Benefit of classical leveling for geoid-based vertical reference frames
Gerlach, C., & Rummel, R. (2024) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-024-01849-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
First Results on Height System Unification in North America Using GOCE
Sideris, M. G., Rangelova, E., & Amjadiparvar, B. (2014) · International Association of Geodesy symposia · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10837-7_28 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Zhang, C., Dang, Y., Jiang, T., Guo, C., Ke, B., & Wang, B. (2017) · Marine Geodesy · doi:10.1080/01490419.2017.1282899 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gravity field modeling in mountainous areas based on band-limited SRBFs
Ma, Z. (2024) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-024-01852-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Geoid Determination Based on a Combination of Terrestrial and Airborne Gravity Data in South Korea
Yang, H. J. (2014) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Huang, K., Liu, D., Sisi Zlatanova, B., Lu, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, T., Sun, Y., Wang, C., Bonilla, D., & Shi, W. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2025.104422 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysics-informed neural networks for geoid modeling
Jiang, T., Tu, Z., & Li, J. (2026) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-025-02017-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Trojanowicz, M., Owczarek-Wesołowska, M., Wang, Y. M., & Jamroz, O. (2021) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs13214217 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationRealizing the European Vertical Reference System using model-based hydrodynamic leveling data
Afrasteh, Y., Slobbe, C., Sacher, M., Verlaan, M., Jahanmard, V., Klees, R., Guarneri, H., Keyzer, L., Pietrzak, J. D., Snellen, M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-023-01778-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, Y. M., Huang, J., Jiang, T., & Sideris, M. G. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-02370-0_53-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationTime-Variant Adjustment for a Level Network
Han, J.-Y., Hwang, C., Chou, J.-Y., & Hung, W. (2013) · Journal of Surveying Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)su.1943-5428.0000128 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An attempt to link the Brazilian Height System to a World Height System
Ferreira, V. G., & de Freitas, S. R. C. (2012) · Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas · doi:10.1590/s1982-21702012000300002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Odumosu, J. O., & Nnam, V. C. (2020) · Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy · doi:10.31577/congeo.2020.50.3.3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Determining the new height of Mount Qomolangma based on the International Height Reference System
Dang, Y., Jiang, T., Guo, C., Chen, B., Zhang, C., Yang, Q., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Geo-spatial Information Science · doi:10.1080/10095020.2022.2128901 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ma, J., Wei, Z., Zhai, Z., Li, D., Feng, C., Liu, X., & Guan, B. (2024) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-024-01902-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Xu, P., Jiang, T., Zhang, C., Guo-qing, Q., Zhang, H., & Li, W. (2025) · Geophysical Journal International · doi:10.1093/gji/ggaf215 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
On the uncertainty of height anomaly differences predicted by least-squares collocation
Mysen, E. (2020) · Journal of Geodetic Science · doi:10.1515/jogs-2020-0111 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Höhensysteme der nächsten Generation
Gerlach, C., Gruber, T., & Rummel, R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46900-2_7-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Determination of local geometric geoid model for Kuwait
Zaki, A., Elberry, Y., Al-Ajami, H., Rabah, M., & Ghany, R. A. E. (2022) · Journal of Applied Geodesy · doi:10.1515/jag-2022-0017 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Höhensysteme der nächsten Generation
Gerlach, C., Gruber, T., & Rummel, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-47100-5_7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vertical (Geopotential) Datums
Kessler, F. C. (2022) · Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge · doi:10.22224/gistbok/2022.2.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quasigeoid computation in the Nordic and Baltic region
Teitsson, H., Forsberg, R., Strykowski, G., & Jensen, T. (2025) · Journal of Geodetic Science · doi:10.1515/jogs-2022-0182 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
New datums by the end of the next decade for the United States of America
Roman, D. R., Smith, D. A., & Childers, V. A. (2010) · Second International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy · doi:10.1190/1.3513048 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMa, J., Wei, Z., Zhai, Z., & Li, X. (2024) · Journal of Geodesy · doi:10.1007/s00190-024-01844-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of egm2008 using GPS/LEVELING data in Thailand
Dumrongchai, P., Promtong, C., & Withiyaphan, S. (2012) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Utilization of IGS Information for Improved Real-time GPS Positioning
Barchesky, F. (2011) · doi:10.33915/etd.2294
Rio, E. D. (2014) · Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas · doi:10.1590/s1982-21702014000200020
On the optimal combination of leveling networks
Ampatzidis, D. (2015) · Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia · doi:10.13168/agg.2015.0038
Sheng, M. B., Vaníček, P., Kingdon, R. W., & Foroughi, I. (2017) · International Association of Geodesy symposia · doi:10.1007/1345_2017_26
Ein modernes Welthöhensystem nach Bruns (1878)
Rummel, R. (2018) · doi:10.5445/ksp/1000080244
Kessler, F. C. (2022) · Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge · doi:10.22224/gistbok/2022.2.6
Ehigiator-Irughe, R., O.A.Abiodun, & Odumosu, J. O. (2023) · Nigerian Journal of Technology · doi:10.4314/njt.v41i6.6
Nguyễn, V. S. (2023) · Tạp chí Khoa học Đo đạc và Bản đồ · doi:10.54491/jgac.2023.57.690
Towards an Alternative Geoid Fitting Technique
Kühtreiber, N., & Abd-Elmotaal, H. A. (2015) · International Association of Geodesy symposia · doi:10.1007/1345_2015_94
Kelly, C. I., Ferreira, V. G., Yang, D., Andam‐Akorful, S. A., Yan, D., Osah, S., Hancock, C. M., Jing, G., & Kabo-bah, A. T. (2026) · Earth Science Informatics · doi:10.1007/s12145-026-02118-6
Saleh, J., Wang, Y. M., Ahlgren, K., Hardy, R. A., & Johnson, J. A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10267680/v1
Self-citation
- Authors
- Wang, Y. M., Saleh, J., Li, X., & Roman, D. R.
- Affiliations
- NOAA National Geodetic Survey (US)
- Earth Resources Technology (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Y. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Geodesy
- Published
- 2011-09-17
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 165-180
- ISSN
- 0949-7714 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1394
- OpenAlex
- W2088693790
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Geodesy (publishedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › GNSS positioning and interference
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Historical Geography and Cartography
- Keywords
- gravimetric geoid, geoid height, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, grace, vertical deflection, surface gravity data, SRTM DEM, EGM08, tide gauge comparison, dynamic ocean topography, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
