Chlorobium ferrooxidans sp. nov., a phototrophic green sulfur bacterium that oxidizes ferrous iron in coculture with a "Geospirillum" sp. strain
Abstract
A green phototrophic bacterium was enriched with ferrous iron as sole electron donor and was isolated in defined coculture with a spirilloid chemoheterotrophic bacterium. The coculture oxidized ferrous iron to ferric iron with stoichiometric formation of cell mass from carbon dioxide. Sulfide, thiosulfate, or elemental sulfur was not used as electron donor in the light. Hydrogen or acetate in the presence of ferrous iron increased the cell yield of the phototrophic partner, and hydrogen could also be used as sole electron source. Complexed ferric iron was slowly reduced to ferrous iron in the dark, with hydrogen as electron source. Similar to Chlorobium limicola, the phototrophic bacterium contained bacteriochlorophyll c and chlorobactene as photosynthetic pigments, and also resembled representatives of this species morphologically. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence comparisons, this organism clusters with Chlorobium, Prosthecochloris, and Pelodictyon species within the green sulfur bacteria phylum. Since the phototrophic partner in the coculture KoFox is only moderately related to the other members of the cluster, it is proposed as a new species, Chlorobium ferrooxidans. The chemoheterotrophic partner bacterium, strain KoFum, was isolated in pure culture with fumarate as sole substrate. The strain was identified as a member of the epsilon-subclass of the Proteobacteria closely related to "Geospirillum arsenophilum" on the basis of physiological properties and 16S rRNA sequence comparison. The "Geospirillum" strain was present in the coculture only in low numbers. It fermented fumarate, aspartate, malate, or pyruvate to acetate, succinate, and carbon dioxide, and could reduce nitrate to dinitrogen gas. It was not involved in ferrous iron oxidation but possibly provided a thus far unidentified growth factor to the phototrophic partner.
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Several experimental studies have confirmed that various purple and green bacteria can use Fe(II) as a reductant for CO2 fixation.
“Since then, several experimental studies have confirmed that various purple and green bacteria can use Fe(II) as a reductant for CO2 fixation (e.g., Widdel et al., 1993; Heising et al., 1999; Straub et al., 1999).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Heising et al., 1999
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- Authors
- Heising, S., Richter, L., Ludwig, W., & Schink, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Venue
- Archives of Microbiology
- Published
- 1999-07-26
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 116-124
- ISSN
- 0003-9276 (ISSN-L)
- 0302-8933
- 1432-072X
- OpenAlex
- W2133546912
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Metal Extraction and Bioleaching
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- novel bacterial species, green sulfur bacteria, ferrous iron oxidation, co-culture, bacteriochlorophyll c, 16S rRNA phylogeny, Chlorobium
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Anaerobic, Classification, Darkness, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Ribosomal, Ferrous Compounds, Light, Molecular Sequence Data, Oxidation-Reduction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Water Microbiology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods, Chlorobi
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