Goal- and signal-directed incentive: conditioned approach, seeking, and consumption established with unsweetened alcohol in rats
Abstract
Rationale Many theories of addictive behavior propose that cues signaling drug administration influence the likelihood of drug-taking and drug-seeking behavior.Objectives We investigated the behavioral impact of cues associated with unsweetened ethanol and their interaction with responding maintained by ethanol self-administration. Our goal was to establish the influence of such cues on ethanol seeking.Materials and methods The experiment used a matching contingency and saccharin-fading procedure to establish equal levels of responding to two spatially distinct levers using unsweetened 10% ethanol solution. After ethanol self-administration was established, a brief cue light located alternately over each lever location was either paired or unpaired (control) with the opportunity to consume the same ethanol solution. Finally, self-administration was re-established, and the effect of the cue was measured in a transfer design.Results The reaction to lights paired with the opportunity to ingest unsweetened ethanol had three main effects: (1) induction of operant behavior reinforced by ethanol, (2) stimulation of ethanol-seeking behavior (drinker entries), and (3) cue-directed approach and contact behavior (i.e. autoshaping or sign-tracking). Cue-directed behavior to the light interacted with choice behavior in a manner predicted by the location of the cue light, enhancing responding only when the approach response did not interfere with the operant response.Conclusions These findings replicate and extend the effects of Pavlovian conditioning on ethanol-seeking and support-conditioned incentive theories of addictive behavior. Signals for ethanol influence spatial choice behavior and may be relevant to attentional bias shown to alcohol-associated stimuli in humans.
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Alcohol-paired cues trigger cue approach and alcohol-seeking behavior.
“The same is true of alcohol, whereby alcohol-paired cues also trigger cue approach and alcohol-seeking behavior (Krank, 2003; Krank, O'Neill, Squarey, & Jacob, 2008; Srey, Maddux, & Chaudhri, 2015; Tomie & Sharma, 2013).”
From Cued for Risk: Evidence for an Incentive Sensitization Framework to Explain the Interplay between Stress and Anxiety, Substance Abuse, and Reward Uncertainty in Disordered Gambling Behavior (2019) · cites this paper as Krank, O'Neill, Squarey, & Jacob, 2008
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- Authors
- Krank, M. D., O’Neill, S., Squarey, K., & Jacob, J.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus (CA)
- Mount Allison University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Krank, Marvin D.
- ORCID
- Krank, Marvin D.
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2007-10-30
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 397-405
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- OpenAlex
- W2019069867
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- ethanol self-administration, ethanol seeking, classical conditioning, sign-tracking, autoshaping, attentional bias, alcohol cues, addictive behavior, rats
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Animals, Central Nervous System Depressants, Conditioning, Operant, Cues, Light, Male, Reward, Saccharin, Self Administration, Behavior, Addictive, Rats, Long-Evans, Rats
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