Pavlovian Conditioning With Ethanol: Sign‐Tracking (Autoshaping), Conditioned Incentive, and Ethanol Self‐Administration
Abstract
Background: Conditioned incentive theories of addictive behavior propose that cues signaling a drug's reinforcing effects activate a central motivational state. Incentive motivation enhances drug‐taking and drug‐seeking behavior. We investigated the behavioral response to cues associated with ethanol and their interaction with operant self‐administration of ethanol. Methods: In two experiments, rats received operant training to press a lever for a sweetened ethanol solution. After operant training, the animals were given Pavlovian pairings of a brief and localized cue light with the sweetened ethanol solution (no lever present). Lever pressing for ethanol was then re‐established, and the behavioral effects of the cue light were tested during an ethanol self‐administration session. Results: The conditioned responses resulting from pairing cue lights with the opportunity to ingest ethanol had three main effects: (1) induction of operant behavior reinforced by ethanol, (2) stimulation of ethanol‐seeking behavior (magazine entries), and (3) signal‐directed behavior (i.e., autoshaping, or sign‐tracking). Signal‐directed behavior interacted with the other two effects in a manner predicted by the location of the cue light. These conditioned responses interact with operant responding for ethanol reinforcement. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of Pavlovian conditioning effects on ethanol self‐administration and are consistent with conditioned incentive theories of addictive behavior.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Alcohol-paired cues trigger cue approach and alcohol-seeking behavior.
“The same is true of alcohol, whereby alcohol-paired cues also trigger cue approach and alcohol-seeking behavior (Krank, 2003; Krank, O'Neill, Squarey, & Jacob, 2008; Srey, Maddux, & Chaudhri, 2015; Tomie & Sharma, 2013).”
Cites
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.
Black, A. H., & Prokasy, W. F. (1972) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 4,449 · see citing works
The Psychology of Learning and Motivation
Ross, B. H. (2012) · Cited by 2,631 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
Reinstatement of cocaine-reinforced responding in the rat
de Wit, H., & Stewart, J. (1981) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432175 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Sign-tracking : the stimulus-reinforcer relation and directed action
Hearst, E. S., & Jenkins, H. M. (1974) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 812 · see citing works
How adaptive behavior is produced: a perceptual-motivational alternative to response reinforcements
Bindra, D. (1978) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00059380 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
A motivational view of learning, performance, and behavior modification.
Bindra, D. (1974) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/h0036330 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Markou, A., Weiss, F., Gold, L. H., Caine, S. B., Schulteis, G., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244907 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Classical Conditioning, Drug Tolerance, and Drug Dependence
Siegel, S. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3626-6_6 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
RECENT PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF MORPHINE ADDICTION
Wikler, A. (1948) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.105.5.329 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
O’Donohue, W. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Arroyo, M., Markou, A., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1998) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050774 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Meil, W. M., & See, R. E. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Katner, S. N. (1999) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00084-0 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Katner, S. N., & Weiss, F. (1999) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04070.x · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment
Poulos, C. X., Hinson, R. E., & Siegel, S. (1981) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(81)90018-6 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Locating Reward Cue at Response Manipulandum (CAM) Induces Symptoms of Drug Abuse
Tomie, A. (1996) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(95)00023-2 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Signal Location and Positive Versus Negative Conditioned Suppression in the Rat.
Karpicke, J., Christoph, G., Peterson, G., & Hearst, E. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.3.2.105 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Conditioning of successive adaptive responses to the initial effects of drugs
Wikler, A. (1973) · Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf03000676 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Drug anticipation and drug addiction. The 1998 H. David Archibald Lecture
Siegel, S. (1999) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94811132.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Susceptibility to readdiction as a function of the addiction and withdrawal environments.
Thompson, T. I., & Ostlund, W. (1965) · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022588 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
See, R. E., Grimm, J. W., Kruzich, P. J., et al. (1999) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00043-5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Samson, H. H., Tolliver, G. A., Lumeng, L., & Tk, L. (1989) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00339.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Pavlovian Conditioning and the Mediation of behavior
Overmier, J. B., & Lawry, J. A. (1979) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60080-8 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Markou, A. (1999) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00080-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Tolerance and the etiology of alcoholism: Hypothesis and mechanism
Tabakoff, B., & Hoffman, P. L. (1988) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00157.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ranaldi, R., & Roberts, D. C. S. (1996) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050114 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF COMPOUNDING DRUG‐RELATED STIMULI: ESCALATION OF HEROIN SELF‐ADMINISTRATION
Panlilio, L. V., Weiss, S. J., & Schindler, C. W. (2000) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2000.73-211 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Reinstatement of Ethanol Seeking in Rats
Bieńkowski, P., Koroś, E., Kostowski, W., & Bogucka-Bonikowska, A. (2000) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00194-5 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Lajoie, J., & Bindra, D. (1976) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0082057 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Directed approach responses and positive conditioned suppression in the rat
Karpicke, J. (1978) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03209604 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Effects of sweetened ethanol solutions on ethanol self-administration and blood ethanol levels
Matthews, D. B., Overstreet, D. H., Rezvani, A. H., Devaud, L. L., & Morrow, A. L. (2001) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00458-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pavlovian conditioning and addictive behavior: Relapse to oral self-administration of morphine.
Hinson, R. E., Poulos, C. X., Thomas, W. L., et al. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.100.3.368 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Slawecki, C. J., Samson, H. H., & Chappell, A. M. (1997) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00310-9 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pavlovian conditioning and addictive behavior: Relapse to oral self-administration of morphine.
Hinson, R. E., Poulos, C. X., Thomas, W., et al. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.100.3.368 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Environmental signals for ethanol enhance free-choice ethanol consumption.
Krank, M. D. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.103.2.365 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKrank, M. D., & Wall, A.-M. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.104.5.725 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationDrug conditioning and drug-seeking behavior.
Cunningham, C. L. (1998) · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Modulation of ethanol reinforcement by conditioned hyperthermia
Cunningham, C. L. (1994) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244755 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1999) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00134 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Transfer of conditioned excitation and inhibition from one operant response to another
Hearst, E., & Peterson, G. (1973) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035302 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Krank, M. D., & Wall, A.-M. (1990) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.104.5.725 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationEnvironmental signals for ethanol enhance free-choice ethanol consumption.
Krank, M. D. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.103.2.365 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationPresentation of an Ethanol-Paired Stimulus Complex Alters Response Patterns During Extinction
Slawecki, C. J., Samson, H. H., & Chappell, A. M. (1999) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00134-8 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Conditioned withdrawal signs elicited by contextual cues for morphine administration
Krank, M. D., & Perkins, W. L. (1993) · Psychobiology · doi:10.3758/bf03332036 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationKrank, M., & O'Neill, S. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100903 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLajoie, J., & Bindra, D. (1978) · Animal Learning & Behavior · doi:10.3758/bf03209618 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
REVIEW: Behavioural assessment of drug reinforcement and addictive features in rodents: an overview
Sanchis‐Segura, C., & Spanagel, R. (2006) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00012.x · Cited by 629 · see citing works
Flagel, S. B., Akil, H., & Robinson, T. E. (2009) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.027 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Nucleus accumbens neurons encode Pavlovian approach behaviors: evidence from an autoshaping paradigm
Day, J. J., Wheeler, R. A., Roitman, M. F., & Carelli, R. M. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04654.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hellberg, S. N., Russell, T. I., & Robinson, M. J. F. (2019) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00662-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Versaggi, C. L., King, C. P., & Meyer, P. J. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4341-7 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Krank, M. D., O’Neill, S., Squarey, K., & Jacob, J. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0971-0 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Krank, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Mount Allison University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Krank, Marvin D.
- ORCID
- Krank, Marvin D.
- Venue
- Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1592-1598
- ISSN
- 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0277
- OpenAlex
- W2078718526
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- classical conditioning, ethanol self-administration, sign-tracking, autoshaping, incentive motivation, drug-seeking behavior, ethanol reinforcement, addictive behavior, rats
- MeSH terms
- Ethanol, Animals, Conditioning, Classical, Cues, Extinction, Psychological, Male, Motivation, Self Administration, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review